Work Measurement

(Method & Time study)

Presented By:
Anuj Gupta
Work Measurement

 It is the process of establishing the time for a

‘qualified worker’ , at a defined level of
performance , to carry out a ‘specified job’.
Cont..

 Qualified worker

 Specified job
Standard Performance

 The rate of o/p which qualified workers will

achieve without over-exertion as an average
over the working day provided they are
motivated to apply themselves to their work.
Basic times

 When qualified worker is working on a

specified job at standard performance, the
time he or she takes to perform the job is
called basic time for the job.
Cont..

 Important in work measurement.

 Useful because they are the ‘building blocks’

of time estimation.
Standard time

 An extension of the basic time and has a

different use.

 It refers to the time allowed for the job under

specific circumstances.
Cont..

 It consists of two parts..

1. Basic time
2. Allowance- this is added to the basic time to
allow for rest , relaxation and personal
needs.
Standard time

 Now, we can add all the constituents to arrive at the

standard time for a job.
Standard time = observed time + rating factor +
relaxation allowance + work related contingency
allowance + delay related contingency allowance.
Time Study

 Time study is a work measurement technique

for recording the times and rate of working for
the elements of specified job, carried out
under specified conditions, and for analysing
the data so as to obtain the time necessary
for the carrying out of the job at a defined
level of performance.
Three steps to derive the basic times for the
elements of the job:
 Observing, measuring and rating.
 Adjusting the observed times.
 Average the basic times.
Rating factor

 This constant is known as the basic time:

Rating
Observed time x  Basic Time
Standard Rating

 So, depending on the rating assigned for the operator, the basic
time can either be less than or greater than the observed time.
Method study

 It is the systematic recording and critical

examination of existing and proposed
methods of doing work, as a means of
developing and applying easier and more
effective methods and reducing costs.
Method study approach involves
systematically following six steps:
 Select the work to be studied.
 Record all the relevant facts of the present
method.
 Examine those facts critically and in
sequence.
 Develop the most practical, economic and
effective method.
Cont..

 Install the new method.

 Maintain the method by periodically checking
it in use.
Work Method
 Construction of charts such as workers
machine charts, simulation charts and activity
charts, time study.
 The choice of charts depends on
 Production process
 Workers at a fixed place
 Workers interacting with equipment
 Workers interacting with other workers
Production process - PP
 Obj of studying PP is to identify delays, transport distance,
process.
 Main philosophy is to eliminate any step that does not add value
to product
 Process chart is prepared O Operation, Transportation,
 Inspection, delay, storage
 Ask foll question
 What is done?, Must it be done? What would happen if not
done?
 Where is the task done? Must it be done at that location?
 How is the task done?Can someone else do?
Process mapping symbols Process mapping symbols
derived from ‘Scientific derived from Systems Analysis
Management’

Operation (an activity that Beginning or end of the

directly adds value) process

Inspection (a check of Activity

some sort)

Transport (a movement of Input or output from the

something) process

Delay (a wait, e.g. for materials) Direction of flow

Storage (deliberate storage, Decision (exercising discretion)

as opposed to a delay)
 Flow process chart for on day on an
adventure holiday
Flow process chart
Activity ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ.ÉÉÉ. . Location ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ.

Description of element
1 Get up
2 Go to washroom
3 Wash, brush teeth
4 Return to bedroom
5 Dress
6 Go to dining room
7 Await serving
8 Eat
9 Go to rifle range
10 Await instructor and equipment
11 Check equipment
12 Rifle shooting
Flow process charts for processing expense reports
at Intel before and after improving the process
Description of activity
Description of activity
1 Report arrives
1 Report arrives
2 Wait for processing
2 Stamp and date report
3 Check expenses report 3 Check expenses report
4 Stamp and date report 4 Attach payment voucher
5 Send cash to receipt desk 5 Wait for batching
6 Wait for processing
6 Collect retorts into batch
7 Check advance payment Batch to audit desk
7
8 Send to accounts receivable
8 Wait for processing
9 Wait for processing 9 Check reports and vouchers
10 Check employee record 10 Reports to batch control
11 Send to account payable 11 Batch control number
12 Attach payment voucher
12 Copy of reports to filing
13 Log report
13 Reports filed
14 Check against rules 14 Payment voucher to keying
15 Wait for batching Confirm payment
15
16 Collect retorts into batch
17 Batch to audit desk Totals 5 5 2 2 1
18 Wait for processing
19 Batch of reports logged
20 Check payment voucher
21 Reports to batch control
22 Batch control number
23 Copy of reports to filing
24 Reports filed
25 Payment voucher to keying
26 Confirm payment
Totals 7 8 5 5 1
Workers at fixed workplace
 Simplified method, minimize motion,
 Use operation chart, motion study
 Work like sorting, inspection, making entries
 The basic 2 way to identify best method
 Search among worker and find the one who
perform the best job
 Observe the performance of no. of worker, analyze
in detail and pick the superior ones.
Worker Interacting with Equipment
 When a person and equipment operate
together to perform a productive process,
efficient use of person time and equipment
time.
 Minimize idle time, find no. or combination of
machine to balance cost of worker and
machine idle time.
 We use activity chart and worker mach chart
 When the operator working time is < the
equipment run time a worker machine chart is
useful device
Customer Times in Clerk Times in Machine Times in
Sec Sec Sec
Ask grocer for Rs10 5 Listen to order 5 Idle 5
coffee
Wait 15 Get coffee, put in 15 idle 15
machine, set for
grind

Wait 21 Idle while machine 21 Grind coffee 21

grind
Wait 12 Stop grinding, place 12 Idle 12
coffee in package

Rec coff pay and take 17 Give coffee, wait for cm 17 idle 17
change to pay
           
Idle time 48   21   49
working time 22   49   21
Total cycle time 70   70   70
Utilisation % 22/70 0.31 49/70 0.7 21/70=30
%
Workers Interacting with other worker

 Max productivity minimize interference

 Activity chart, gang process chart
 Gang process chart is usually employed to
trace the interaction of a no. of workers with
machine in a specified operating cycle to find
the best combination of workers and machine.
THANK YOU