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Chapter 3 METROLOGY - Introduction

Metrology is the science of measurement and involves the measurement of quantities in manufacturing and engineering. It can be classified into different fields depending on the application such as industrial, technical, astronomical, and medical metrology. Inspection became important in engineering due to mass production and the need for interchangeable parts. Precise measurements allow for the proper fitting of parts manufactured separately. The International System of Units (SI) provides standard units for measurements and includes units for length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity, and amount of substance. Precision refers to the repeatability of measurements while accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.

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492 views14 pages

Chapter 3 METROLOGY - Introduction

Metrology is the science of measurement and involves the measurement of quantities in manufacturing and engineering. It can be classified into different fields depending on the application such as industrial, technical, astronomical, and medical metrology. Inspection became important in engineering due to mass production and the need for interchangeable parts. Precise measurements allow for the proper fitting of parts manufactured separately. The International System of Units (SI) provides standard units for measurements and includes units for length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity, and amount of substance. Precision refers to the repeatability of measurements while accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.

Uploaded by

Madhu pspk
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER 03

METROLOGY

CP 17-LEARN AND EARN SEMESTER – 1 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I


3.1 Introduction to Metrology
3.1.1 Meaning of Metrology - objective of
metrology
3.1.2 Importance of inspection in Engineering
Industry
3.1.3 Physical measurements - S.I. Units
3.1.4 Precision vs. Accuracy

CP 17-LEARN AND EARN SEMESTER – 1 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I


METROLOGY
Metrology is the branch of science, which deals with
measurement depending upon the field of
application.
It can be classified as,
• Industrial Metrology
• Technical Metrology
• Astronomical Metrology
• Medical Metrology etc.

CP 17-LEARN AND EARN SEMESTER – 1 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I


IMPORTANCE OF INSPECTION

• In order to determine the fitness of any thing


made, man has always used inspection.
• But industrial inspection is of recent origin and has
scientific approach behind it.
• It came into being because
of mass production which
involved interchangeability
of parts.

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
IMPORTANCE OF INSPECTION

• The modern production techniques require that


production of complete article be broken up into
various component parts so that the production of
each component part becomes an independent
process
IMPORTANCE OF INSPECTION

• The various parts to be assembled together in


assembly shop comes from various shops.
• So it is very essential that the dimensions of
component part must be confined with in the
prescribed limits.
• Thus industrial inspection assumed its importance
due to necessity of suitable mating of various
components manufactured separately

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
IMPORTANCE OF INSPECTION

• Inspection led to development of precision


inspection instruments which caused the transition
from crude machines to better designed machines.
• Inspection has also introduced a spirit of
competition and led to production of quality
products.
Units and Measurements
• Measurement involves comparison of a quantity to
be measured with a reference standard of the
same kind. The chosen reference standard is called
unit.

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
International system of units
• It is the system established in 1960 by the general
conference of weights and measures and
abbreviated as SI. SI means “System International”
d’ units which has been adopted as standard in
most of the countries in the world.

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
SI UNITS
• Basic units: SI system is built on arbitrarily selected units
called basic units.
Unit Unit symbol Physical quantity
• meter m length
• kilogram kg mass
• second s time
• ampere A electric current
• kelvin K temperature
• candela cd luminous intensity
• mole mol amount of substance

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
• Supplementary units:
‘Radian’ for plain angle
‘Staradian’ for solid angle
The radian is the plane angle between two radii of a circle that cut off on
the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius,
The steradian is defined as the solid angle that, having its vertex in the
center of a sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to
that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere.
Precision v/s. Accuracy
• Precision is the repeatability of a measuring
process or simply, how well identically performed
measurements agree with each other. This concept
applies to a process or set of measurements, not a
single measurement.

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
Precision v/s. Accuracy
• Accuracy is the agreement of the result of a
measurement with the true value of the measured
quality

Diploma in Mechatronics Semester 5


CNC Technology
CP 17-LEARN AND EARN SEMESTER – 1 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I

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