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HEAMOGLOBIN

Hemoglobin is the red pigment found in red blood cells. It is made up of protein subunits and an iron-containing heme group, giving it an overall molecular weight of 68,000. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs. It carries oxygen as oxyhemoglobin and carbon dioxide as carboxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds up to four oxygen molecules, releasing them where tissues need oxygen through a reversible reaction. It also buffers hydrogen ions to help maintain blood pH during transport of gases.

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Nabeel Ahmad
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71 views

HEAMOGLOBIN

Hemoglobin is the red pigment found in red blood cells. It is made up of protein subunits and an iron-containing heme group, giving it an overall molecular weight of 68,000. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs. It carries oxygen as oxyhemoglobin and carbon dioxide as carboxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds up to four oxygen molecules, releasing them where tissues need oxygen through a reversible reaction. It also buffers hydrogen ions to help maintain blood pH during transport of gases.

Uploaded by

Nabeel Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEAMOGLOBIN:

• It is red pigment.
• Present in RBC of red blood cell.
• It is conjugated protein and chromoprotein.
• It is made up of iron and protein.
• It’s molecular weight is 68000.
MEANING:
• The name haemoglobin derives from
the word heme and globin, which means
that each subunit of haemoglobin is a
globular protein with an embedded
heme group called porphyrin.

• It is purple in colour but oxyheamoglobin


is bright red in colour.
OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE:
• We breathe because oxygen is needed to burn the fuel [sugars and
fatty acids] in our cells to produce energy. Oxygen is brought into
the lungs via breathing.
• Oxygen is important to every cell in your body. ... Oxygen, through
a process called oxidation, chemically changes food and liquid into
energy. It's this "oxygen fire" that contracts our muscles, repairs
our cells, feeds our brains, and even calms our nerves.
• Exposure to CO2 can produce a variety of health effects. These may
include headaches, dizziness, restlessness, a tingling or pins or
needles feeling, difficulty breathing, sweating, tiredness, increased
heart rate, elevated blood pressure, coma, asphyxia, and
convulsions.
FUNCTION OF HEAMOGLOBN:

As earlier discussed that oxygen is required and carbon dioxide must


be removed, the haemoglobin performs the following function
Transport of gases.
• It carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body i.e to every
cell of the body.
• Also it brings back carbon dioxide from all body to the lungs for
removal.
• Hemoglobin is the principal protein inside of red blood cells and
accounts for one-third of the mass of the cell. During the
conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate, hydrogen ions liberated in the
reaction are buffered by hemoglobin, which is reduced by the
dissociation of oxygen. This buffering helps maintain normal pH.
Transport of oxygen:
• Oxygen is one of the substances transported with the assistance of red blood cells. The
red blood cells contain a pigment called haemoglobin, each molecule of which binds
four oxygen molecules. Oxyhaemoglobin forms. The oxygen molecules are carried to
individual cells in the body tissue where they are released. The binding of oxygen is a
reversible reaction.
• Hb + 4O2 <--> Hb.4O2
• oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are expressed as partial pressures
(measured in kPa), also called oxygen or carbon tension. The amount of oxygen held by
the haemoglobin, i.e. its saturation level, is normally expressed as a percentage.

• Oxygen dissociation curves can be used to illustrate Le Chatelier's Principle which


states that a system in dynamic equilibrium responds to any stress by restoring the
equilibrium. For example shifts in the position of the curve occur as a result of the
concentration of CO2 or changes in pH.
Hemoglobin has an oxygen-binding capacity of 1.34
mL O2 per gram. The mammalian hemoglobin
molecule can bind (carry) up to four oxygen
molecules.

The normal range for hemoglobin is: For men, 13.5 to


17.5 grams per deciliter. For women, 12.0 to 15.5
grams per deciliter.
TRANSPORT OF CARBON DIOXIDE:
AS CARBOXY HEAMOGLOBIN:
About 23% of co2 is transported in the form of carboxyheamoglobin
from tissues to lungs.
The carboxyhaemoglobin is dissociated into co2 and haemoglobin in the
presence of high oxygen pressure or tension or concentration.
BOHR EFFECT :
The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin decreases with increasing
H+ concentration (lower pH) or when the hemoglobin is exposed
to increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCOz).This phenomenon is
known as Bohr effect.lt is due toa change in the binding affinity of
oxygen to hemoglobin. Bohr effect causes a shift in
the oxygen dissociation curve to the right.
•THANK YOU ..

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