A statement is a sentence of which

the truth value can be determined

that is either true or false but not both
 STATEMENT NON STATEMENT

1. A triangle has three sides. 1. How old are you ?

2. 34 is a positive integer. 2. Close the door, please.

3. 3 is a factor of 39. 3. 81 X 4

4. 5 + 25 = 30 4. 9 – 2x = 17

5. √36 – 4 = 5 5. 4x² + 3
 (a) Is ‘3 + 2 = 5’
a statement ?
Explain your answer. (c) Is ‘3 + x = 5’
Yes, it is a statement a statement ? Explain
because it is true your answer.
No, it is not a statement
because we can’t
(b) Is ‘3 + 2 = 6’ determine whether it is
a statement ? true
Explain your answer.
Yes, it is a statement
because it is false
we use the word “no” or “not” to negate a statement

the negation of statement p is written as ~p

'~p' is read as 'tilde p'
Form a negation (~p) for each of the
following statements (p) by using the word
“no” or “not”

(a) 12 is a multiple of 5
(b) 41 is a prime number
(c) 0.4 m is equal to 400 mm
Answer :
(a) 12 is not a multiple of 5
(b) 41 is not a prime number
(c) 0.4 m is not equal to 400 mm
 Compound
Statement
and False
2+3=5 3 2= 6
or True

Example 1 :
Combine the two statements below to form a new statement
which is
(a) true (b) false

Statement I : – 4 > – 2
Statement II : 5 + 2 = 7
and False

or True
The truth value of a compound Statement can be
conclude as shown in the truth table below :
Determine the truth values of the following
compound statement :
(a) 2 and -5 are greater than 4
(b) x + 3 < x -5 and 99 is an odd number
(c) 4-(-7) = 11 or 4+7 =11

Answer :
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
 If 'p' then 'q'
'p' if and only if 'q'
if and
3x > 12 only if X>4

then

If then

If 3x > 12 then X>4

If X>4 then 3x > 12

 (a) m < n if and only if 4m < 4n

Implication I : If m < n then 4m < 4n

Implication II : If 4m < 4n then m < n

(b) xy = 0 if and only if x = 0 or y = 0

Implication I : If xy = 0 then x = 0 or y = 0

Implication II : If x = 0 or y = 0 then xy = 0
 Antecedent Consequent
If (cause) then (effect)

If m+5 = 12 then m = 7

If x is a factor of 12 then x is a factor of 24

If n is an odd number then n+1 is an even number

If x is a prime number then 2x is an even number

In general,
Write the converse , inverse and
contrapositive of the implication
 “If p is divisible by 18, then p is a multiple of 18”

Converse : If p is a multiple of 18, then p is divisible by 18

Inverse : If p is not divisible by 18, then p is not a multiple of 18

Contrapositive: If p is not a multiple of 18, then p is not divisible by 18

“If 2 X 3 = 6, then 8 – 2 X 3 = 18.” FALSE
TRUE FALSE

“If 8 – 2 X 3 = 18, then 2 X 3 = 6” TRUE

“If 2 X 3 ≠ 6, then 8 – 2 X 3 ≠ 18.” TRUE

“If 8 – 2 X 3 ≠ 18, then 2 X 3 ≠ 6” FALSE

 The truth values of an implication
“If p then q” and its corresponding
converse, inverse and contrapositive
 How do you determine a counter-
example to negate
the truth of a particular statement?

(a) False because the sum of interior angles of a

pentagon is 540°.
(b) True

(c) False because 8 is not a factor of 20.

Self Practice 3.1 a
Self Practice 3.1 b
Self Practice 3.1 c
Self Practice 3.1 d