AMISHA

BCA 4B
A1004818085
 AMITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA, U.P. 201313

INTRODUCTION TO OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES-PHP,MYSQL

SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY:

Amisha Dr. Monika Sharma
(A1004818085) AIIT
It is very interesting to note that a recent study revealed that
approximately 85 percent of companies globally are using open
source software. Not surprisingly, the main motivator for using
open source software is costly. Other indicators point to the fact
that this software provides companies production from
becoming locked into a single vendor.
 TWITTER
Chris Aniszcyk gave a keynote address this morning at Cloud Open and talked about how Twitter uses open source.
His talk provided insights into how open source technology can also be used in an enterprise environment for scaling
infrastructure. That’s an emerging topic of interest in the enterprise world.
Aniszcyk reviewed the open source technologies Twitter depends on to manage its service:
• MySQL is heavily used for primary storage of tweets. The company developed its own MySQL fork in the open to
collaborate with the upstream community. MySQL is an open source relational database.
• Cassandra, Hadoop, Lucene, Pig and a variety of Apache projects are used within the Twitter infrastructure to power
services such as analytics and search. The company also contribute back to these projects. Twitter is a sponsor of the
Apache Software Foundation. Cassandra is a NoSQL database. Hadoop is a distributed file system often used with
higher level languages like Pig is a high level platform for big data analytics. Lucene is an open source search
technology.
• Memcached is used heavily in the company’s caching infrastructure to scale its ever-growing traffic. The company
recently open sourced Twemcache which was heavily inspired by the Memcached code base. Memecached
helps speed up dynamic web applications by alleviating database loads.
 Twitter also develops software for its own purposes that it makes available via open source:

• Iago is a load generator that was created to help test services before they encounter production traffic.

• Zipkin is a distributed tracing system that the company created to help gather timing data for the services involved in
managing a request to the Twitter API. In essence, it helps make Twitter faster.
• Scalding is a Scala library that makes it easy to write MapReduce jobs in Hadoop. Scalding was developed for
Cascading, a framework that is designed for Java developers to build big data applications on top of Hadoop. It is
known for its ability to abstract the complexities of MapReduce and making Hadoop clusters easier to manage.
MapReduce was originally developed by Google for processing search data. Scala is a general purpose programming
language. It expresses common programming patterns.
 Facebook and Google have also open sourced their technologies. The results are evident in the enterprise. Hadoop,
for instance, was developed primarily by Yahoo! It is now a cornerstone of the big data push we are seeing across the
enterprise market.
 ORACLE
 Oracle is committed to offering choice, flexibility and lower cost of computing for end
users. By investing significant resources in developing , testing, optimizing and
supporting open source technologies such as MySQL, java, Linux, PHP and more. Oracle
it clearly embracing and offering leading open source solutions as a viable choice for
development and deployment. The engineers contribute millions of lines of code, and
work side by side with others corporate and individual contributors in global open
source communities. However, when it comes to choice of IT strategy we cannot stress
the importance of leveraging open standard enough. Whether in the context of open
source on conventional software. oracle products based on open standards make
integration and interoperability easy, and prevent vendor lock-in, lowering the total cost
of ownership.
 Today many customers are using open source together with conventionally licensed
and developed products in heterogeneous and mission- critical environments.
Corporate and public sector customers are reaping the benefits of lower costs, easier
manageability, higher availability and reliability along with performance and scab city
advantages.
 Oracle delivers by offering this level of choice and a diverse and integrated portfolio of
products
Key Open Source Initiatives
Oracle invests in a wide variety of open source initiatives, including:
• Berkeley DB—Oracle Berkeley DB is a family of open source, embeddable databases that
allows developers to incorporate within their applications a fast, scalable, transactional
database engine with industrial grade reliability and availability; it is the most widely used
open source database in the world with deployments estimated at more than 200 million.
• Apache---Oracle’s donation of OpenOffice,org to Apache Software Foundation gives this
popular consumer software a mature, open, and well established infrastructure to continue
well into the future.
• Eclipse—Oracle is a strategic developer and board member of the Eclipse Foundation,
contributing developers and leadership to three Eclipse projects: Dali JPA Tools, JavaServer
Faces (JSF), and BPEL; Oracle has also donated Oracle TopLink to the open source community.
• GlassFish—GlassFish is a lightweight, flexible, and open source application server, is the first
compatible implementation of the Java EE 6 platform specification. To learn about Java EE 6
features, go to the Java EE Home page.
Standards are an important element in Microsoft’s business. Microsoft believes that
standards helps ensure interoperability, data exchange and portability across the
widest range of products and services and bring great benefits to customers,
Microsoft participates in numerous standards organizations and frequently
contributors directly to the development of standards. Microsoft uses the following
standard terminology to describe software updates:
 A widely released fix for a specific problem that addresses a critical, non-security
related bug.
 Driver software that control the input and output device.
 Feature pack-new product functionality that is first distributes outside the context of
product release and that is typically included in the next full product release.
• Service pack- a tested cumulative set of all not
fixes security updates, critical updates and
updates. These pack may contains additional fixes
for problems that are found internally since the
release of the product.
• Tool-a utility of feature that helps complete a tasks
or sets of tasks.
• Update-a widely released fix for a specific
problem. An update addresses a noncritical, non-
security-related bug.
 At this point we understand that the distinction between open sources and standard
sources software is not that one is free and the other is not. They are each based on
differing philosophies, methodologies and business models. The number one reason is
the belief that the open source software chosen is technically superior to software from
standard vendors.
 From a big picture point of view, the basics of decision to adopt one over the other is an
example of the classic tradeoff between flexibility and usablity. Open source software is
more flexible but requires more effort to use, whereas the opposite is true for standard
software.
 You can build a house by having all the raw materials dumped on the lot and then build
whatever you like our you go along or let a third party design, architect and build the
house and hope that it suits you. In the latter case, you enlist the architect to correct
problems, but in the first case, you must fix deficiencies yourself, which may be your
preference.
 Open source software is available for general public to use and modify from its original
design free of charge.
FROM INTERNET:
 http://www.oracle.com/us/024981.pdf
 oracle.com/opensource for open source software
 oss.oracle.com for open source software
 https://techcrunch.com/2012/08/30/how-twitter-uses-open-source/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source