Scribd
Upload
56 views13 pages

Chapter 1 Slides

This document provides an overview of separation process engineering concepts covered in CHE 306. It discusses [1] the importance of separations in industry, accounting for 40-70% of capital and operating costs, [2] common separation methods like distillation, absorption, and extraction, and [3] the concept of equilibrium which is fundamental to the course. Mass transfer and the lever-arm rule for calculating vapor-liquid equilibrium are also introduced. Sample problems demonstrate using phase diagrams to determine bubble point, dew point, and vapor composition.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Alshangiti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views13 pages

Chapter 1 Slides

This document provides an overview of separation process engineering concepts covered in CHE 306. It discusses [1] the importance of separations in industry, accounting for 40-70% of capital and operating costs, [2] common separation methods like distillation, absorption, and extraction, and [3] the concept of equilibrium which is fundamental to the course. Mass transfer and the lever-arm rule for calculating vapor-liquid equilibrium are also introduced. Sample problems demonstrate using phase diagrams to determine bubble point, dew point, and vapor composition.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Alshangiti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

CHE 306

Stagewise Operations
CHE 306
Chapter 1: Introduction to
Separation process Engineering
DISCLAIMER!

 The materials presented in lecture


presentations are only summaries of the text
materials
 The material covered in these presentations
can be incomplete
 Students will be examined according to the
text materials presented in the textbook and
handouts
3
Importance of Separations

Separation account for 40% to 70% of both capital and operating costs
4
Common Separation
Methods
 Flash distillation
 Continuous column distillation
 Batch distillation
 Absorption
 Stripping
 Liquid‐liquid extraction

5
Mass Transfer

 If phases are not yet at equilibrium, mass will


transfer from one phase to the other.
 Mass transfer rate

 area  mass transfer coefficient  driving force

 No need to do mass transfer calculations


if one assumes equilibrium stages

6
Concept of Equilibrium
 The entire course depends on this Vapor
PVapor TVapor
concept!
 Will deal only with ‘macroscopic’ A yi B
concepts
 Will be mostly on states of Vapor
and Liquid systems A B
PLiquid TLiquid
 It simply implies that a system is at
equilibrium if ALL thermal, Liquid xi
mechanical and chemical properties
At Equilibrium:
are identical in any location within
TLiquid =TVapor
the system
PLiquid =PVapor
 Liquid  Vapor 7
Form and Source of
Equilibrium Data
 Available from many sources including:
 Perry’s Handbook (all editions)
 Literature (see Table 2-3, p. 14, Wankat)
 Industry monographs (often hard to obtain)
 Thermodynamic methods based on vapor
pressures, activity coefficients, etc. (such as the
methods available in Aspen).
 Perform experiment(s) and determine the
equilibrium data
8
Graphical Representation of Binary VLE:
x-y Diagram for Methanol-Water System

9
Graphical Representation of Binary VLE:
T-x-y Diagram for Methanol-Water System

100 T-x
Vapor

90 T-y

Liquid+Vapor Dew point curve


T (⁰C)

80

70
Liquid
Bubble point curve
60

50
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Mole fraction of methanol in liquid x and in vapor y 10
Lever-Arm Rule

Total mass balance :


F  L V
Component balance :
Fz  Lx  Vy
combining the two :
L yz

V zx
From the T - x - y diagram :
L FV

V LF

weight of A length of CB
A B

weght of B length of AC

C 11
Exercise
For the mixture of 20 mol% ethanol (more
volatile component) in water, what is:
a) The bubble point T?
Ans: ~83⁰C.

b) The dew point T?


Ans: ~94.5⁰C.

c) The composition of the first bubble?


Ans. ~ 0.52

d) The composition of the first dew?


Ans. ~ 0.03
d) If the feed is 100 moles and it is at 90 ⁰C,
how much V it contains?
12
Ans. L/V ~ 1.11  V~ 47.4 moles
End of Chapter 1

13

You might also like