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(Notes) Science Form 3 - Chapter 2 (Respiration)

The document discusses the human respiratory system and the process of respiration. It describes how oxygen moves from the alveoli in the lungs into the bloodstream, and is transported to cells throughout the body, where it is used for cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide then diffuses back into the blood and is carried back to the lungs to be exhaled. Several respiratory diseases and their symptoms are also listed, such as asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, and emphysema.

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Aizzat Bahiah
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
418 views

(Notes) Science Form 3 - Chapter 2 (Respiration)

The document discusses the human respiratory system and the process of respiration. It describes how oxygen moves from the alveoli in the lungs into the bloodstream, and is transported to cells throughout the body, where it is used for cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide then diffuses back into the blood and is carried back to the lungs to be exhaled. Several respiratory diseases and their symptoms are also listed, such as asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, and emphysema.

Uploaded by

Aizzat Bahiah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2

RESPIRATION
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Slideshare Science Form 3 - Chapter 6
BREATHING MECHANISM

Nose

Blood capillary Bronchiole


MOVEMENT AND EXCHANGE OF GASES IN THE HUMAN BODY
• Air inhaled into the alveolus has a higher concentration of oxygen.
- Compared to the concentration of oxygen in the blood.
- Oxygen will diffuse through the wall of the alveolus into the walls of
the capillaries and into the blood.

• Dark red-coloured compound in red blood cells known as haemoglobin.


- Haemoglobin will combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
(Which is an unstable compound and bright red in colour)

Haemoglobin + Oxygen Oxyhaemoglobin

• Blood with oxyhaemoglobin is transported from the lungs to the heart and
pumped to the other parts of the body
• When the blood reaches the area around the body cells that has a low concentration of
oxygen,
- The oxyhaemoglobin being an unstable compound will decompose to release
oxygen molecules
- Then, change back into haemoglobin.

Oxyhaemoglobin → haemoglobin + oxygen

• In the body cells, the diffused oxygen oxidises glucose molecules into carbon dioxide,
water and energy
- Through the process of cellular respiration

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

• Carbon dioxide released by the cells diffuses into the blood capillaries
- Then, transported to the alveolus to be removed during exhalation.
Importance of the Adaptations of the Alveolar
Structure
• Large surface area
The lungs have millions of blood capillaries to provide a large
surface area for gas exchange

• Very thin walls


The wall of each alveolus is one cell thick to provide a very short
distance for the diffusion of gases

• Moist inner surface


To let oxygen dissolve in the moisture before diffusing across
the alveolar wall

• Surrounded by numerous blood capillaries


Help to transport gases to and from alveoli quickly
HEALTH OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Substances that are Harmful to the Human Respiratory System
Chemical substance Harmful effect on the respiratory system

Cigarette tar

Carbon monoxide

Sulphur dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Haze, dust and pollen


Respitory Diseases and their Symptoms
• Asthma
- Narrowing of bronchi and bronchioles due to contraction of muscles
- Difficult to breathe, wheezing and feeling tightness in chest

• Bronchitis
- Inflammation of lining of bronchioles due to infection by bacteria or
viruses, or chemicals found in tobacco smoke
- Patients may turn blue especially at the lips and fingers due to poor
oxygenation of blood
Respitory Diseases and their Symptoms
• Lung cancer

• Emphysema
- Structure of alveoli is broken down by coughing
- Cannot take in enough oxygen and becomes very shortness of breath.

• Heart disease
- Nicotine raises the blood pressure and increases the level of ‘bad’
cholesterol in blood
- Suffer from stroke or heart attack

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