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Speciation and Evolution

Speciation occurs through processes like allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric speciation which can lead to reproductive isolation between populations through mechanisms such as behavioral, temporal, and geographical isolation. This reproductive isolation is the final step in populations becoming separate species, with modes of speciation including asexual reproduction in plants, hybridization between species producing new traits, and changes in chromosome number in plants.

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Kathleen Ramilo
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99 views

Speciation and Evolution

Speciation occurs through processes like allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric speciation which can lead to reproductive isolation between populations through mechanisms such as behavioral, temporal, and geographical isolation. This reproductive isolation is the final step in populations becoming separate species, with modes of speciation including asexual reproduction in plants, hybridization between species producing new traits, and changes in chromosome number in plants.

Uploaded by

Kathleen Ramilo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPECIATION AND

EVOLUTION
• Speciation and extinction are the
processes by which new species arise
and existing species lose and cease to
exist respectively.
• Speciation refers to the formation of
new species from one existing species.
TYPES OF SPECIATION
ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION

• Occurs when there is an imbalance of


gene flow between two populations due
to physical barrier.
SYMPATRIC SPECIATION

• Happens if there is an overlapping


range of the two diverging species
within a region of locality.
PARAPATRIC SPECIATION

• Happens when there is a limited gene


flow of the two species that may
diverge from a single species following
hybridization of a population.
SPECIATION
THROUGH
ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
• Reproductive isolation happens when
members of different populations of
species can no longer mate
successfully or do not interbreed.
• Reproductive isolation between
populations is the final step in
becoming separate species.
BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION

• Occurs when populations have different


courtship rituals or behaviors involved
in reproduction.
TEMPORAL ISOLATION

• Occurs when populations reproduce at


different times.
GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION

• Occurs when there are changes or


disruptions in the ecosystem or by
means of physical barriers such as a
mountain rise, continental drift, or
when a population of species migrate.
Factors caused by geographic
isolation:

a. Isolation barrier prevents species to


mate with another species.
b. Isolation by distance
c. Isolation after an event
MODES OF SPECIATION
• Most plants can reproduce asexually, and
some plants reproduce by fertilizing
other individuals or clones of themselves
through vegetative reproduction.
• Most animals reproduce sexually. In
terms of reproduction, plants have many
alternatives than animals.
SPECIATION BY HYBRIDIZATION

• It refers to a strong mating of two


different species that late develop into a
new species.
• The original traits of the species will be
enhanced into a unique appearance.
SPECIATION BY PLOIDY CHANGES

• The term ploidy means multiplying the


number of chromosomes of the species.
• Changes in the number of chromosomes are
common in plants, which inhabit land.
• The plants are often produced as a new
species that is reproductively isolated.

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