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Chapter 7 Emotion

Emotions involve three main components - a subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral response. They arise from our interpretations of situations and help motivate our behaviors. Physiologically, emotions activate the sympathetic nervous system and structures like the amygdala. Theories of emotion include peripheral theories that say physiological responses produce emotions, and cognitive theories that say our interpretations cause emotions. Emotions develop through both innate and learned responses and play an important role in human experiences and behaviors.

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Mitchaii Galleto Taberao
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124 views

Chapter 7 Emotion

Emotions involve three main components - a subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral response. They arise from our interpretations of situations and help motivate our behaviors. Physiologically, emotions activate the sympathetic nervous system and structures like the amygdala. Theories of emotion include peripheral theories that say physiological responses produce emotions, and cognitive theories that say our interpretations cause emotions. Emotions develop through both innate and learned responses and play an important role in human experiences and behaviors.

Uploaded by

Mitchaii Galleto Taberao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of Emotion

The term emotion is derived from the


Latin verb “emovere” meaning “to stir-
up” or “to move”. It connotes a stirred-
up bodily state.

Emotion is a generalized disturbance


of the affective process or state of a
person which is revealed by marked
bodily changes in smooth muscles,
glands, and gross behavior.
“An emotion is a complex psychological
state that involves 3 distinct
components:

• A subjective experience
• A physiological response
• A behavioral or expressive response.”

- Hockenbury &
Hockenbury, 2007
Characteristics of Emotion

It is a state of behavioral arousal varying from


deep sleep to high tension.
It is also a physiological (or bodily) state that
can be measured by physical means.
It is an experience or awareness of something
we feel and an expression exhibited in the
behavior seen by others.
It is a motivating force to what we strive for
or to avoid.
Components of emotion

Subjective feeling Physiological


response

Behavioral
response
• Researchers believe that the
experience of emotions can be
highly subjective. Our unique
experience of the emotions is
probably much more multi-
dimensional. Consider anger. Is all
anger the same? Your own
experience might range from mild
annoyance to blind rage. Plus, we
don’t always experience ‘pure’ forms
of emotion. Mixed emotions over
different events in our lives are
Johari Window
• Johari Window is a technique for improving
self-awareness within an individual. It helps in
understanding your relationship with yourself
and others. Johari Window model can be a
useful tool if you want to improve your
communication skills.
• It was developed by American psychologists
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, hence
the name Johari. Johari Window is generally
used in Self-help groups in exercises which
help a person to learn and discover things
about themselves, like heuristic exercise.
Subjective feeling
Physiological response
 Many physical reactions we experience during an
emotion, which are controlled by sympathetic
nervous system, a branch of autonomic nervous
system. It controls involuntary body responses such
as blood flow and digestion.

 The Amygdala is a tiny, almond shaped structure


that has been linked to motivational states, as well
as memory & emotion.

 Researches proved that when people are shown


threatening images, the amygdala becomes
activated. Damage to amygdala impairs the fear
response.
Part of Limbic System

- located in the tip of the


brain's temporal lobe and
receives input from all
the senses.
-monitors and evaluate
weather stimuli have
positive or negative
emotional significance for
our well-being and
survival
-It is also involved in
storing memories that
have emotional content
Behavioral response
• This is the actual expression of emotion.
We spend a significant amount of time
interpreting the emotional expressions of
people around. And our ability to
accurately understand these is tied to
our emotional intelligence.

• Many expressions are universal, such as


smile indicates happiness or pleasure.
Theories of
emotion
B.Cognitive appraisal theory of
emotions

-emphasize how interpretations


or appraisals of situations
result in emotional feelings
A. Peripheral Theories of
Emotion

-emphasize how physiological


changes in the body give rise to
emotional feelings.
James-lange theory
• This was independently proposed by
psychologist William James and physiologist
Carl Lange, which suggests that emotions
occur as a result of physiological reactions to
events.
• According to this theory, you see an external
stimulus that leads to a physiological reaction.
Suppose you see a big grizzly bear. You begin
to tremble & ur heart begins to race. You will
interpret your reactions & conclude that you
are frightened.
Cannon-Bard theory
 The theory was given by Walter Cannon &
Phillip Bard…
 This theory states that we feel emotions
and experience physiological reactions
such as sweating, trembling and muscle
tension simultaneously. More specifically,
it is suggested that emotions result when
the thalamus sends a message to the
brain in response to a stimulus, resulting
in a physiological reaction.
Schachter-Singer theory
 The Schachter-Singer Theory, given
by Stanley Schachter & Jerome E.
Singer., is an example of a cognitive
theory of emotion. This theory
suggests that the physiological
arousal occurs first, and then the
individual must identify the reason
behind this arousal in order to
experience and label it as an emotion.
ROBERT LAZARUS (1922-2002)
 His theory states that a thought
must come before any emotion or
physiological arousal. In other
words, you must first think about
your situation before you can
experience an emotion.
According to this theory, emotion is the
experience of changes in our facial
muscles. In other words, when we smile,
we then experience pleasure, or happiness.
It is the changes in our facial muscles that
cue our brains & provide basis of our
emotions.
BODILY CHANGES IN EMOTIONS

EXTERNAL

INTERNAL
External Internal
changes changes

Facial expressions Heartbeat

Vocal expression Blood pressure

Blood chemistry
Postural expression
Galvanic skin response
(Body Language)
Metabolic changes

Brain waves
Physiology of Emotion
 Pounding pulse, cold sweat, trembling
limbs, and dilation of pupils are
familiar signs that the body is in state
of emotional arousal.
Emotional Development
 Emotionalexpression are both learned
and unlearned.
J.B. Watson
• In every young
infant, he found
only three well-
marked, emotional
behavior: fear,
rage, and love.
Fear
• the only stimuli
Watson found to elicit
fear in newborns
were loud sounds
and fear of falling.
Rage

• Restricting the
child’s freedom
of movement.
Love

• was invoked by
petting and stroking
the erogenous
movement.
Controlling Your Emotion

 Emotions depends
on cognitive
interpretation as
well as
physiological
arousal.
Free Expression of
Emotions
The Effects of Emotions
 Emotions help make us human.
 Emotions have strong motivating
properties that often interfere with
healthy, productive reactions to the
world.

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