Philosophical

orientations of
teachers in
their
profession Ched A. Perez
Block 4
philoso
phy
Perspe
ctive
View

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental

questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.

Philosophy is a way of thinking about the world, the

universe, and society. It works by asking
very basic questions about the nature of human thought,
the nature of the universe, and the connections between
them.
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 The philosophy of
teachers reflects their life
experiences, common
beliefs, social and
economic background,
and educational
attainment.

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 Every school and
every educator
have a set of beliefs
and a philosophy of
education that
influence, to a great
extent, how learners
are taught.

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Philosophy of educatio
n
1. Philosophy of education refers to the wide range of application
of various philosophical ideas and methods in addressing
educational issues, problems, and concerns.

2. Philosophy of education is regarded as an applied philosophy

as it promotes a specific type or vision, and examines the
definition, goals and meaning of education.

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Philosophy of educatio
n in the
teaching profession
1. Philosophy of Education is very essential in the
training of future teachers and in-service
teachers.

2. Philosophy of Education is the guide for teachers

to plan their teaching.

3. Philosophy of Education helps teachers to

develop their own philosophical perspective on
education.
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Traditional
philosophies useful
in the teaching
profession
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Idealism claims that reality is not physical
rather it is essentially mental or mentally
constructed. Reality is not the material
object itself, but the idea behind it.

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Idealism – aim of educ
ation
The ultimate aim of education is to produce persons
who must be literate, with sound reasoning mind,
and of good moral character. Believing that
knowledge is eternal, idealists assert that the
primary aim of every teaching is the absorption of
ideas as well as personal discipline that guarantees
the development of one’s character.

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Idealism – educationa
l methods
Idealists espouse a kind of education that is holistic,
focusing on the thematic arrangement of subject
matter. In such case, the use of deductive logic in
organizing instruction is a much preferred
educational method. Idealist teachers present their
lessons from general to particular in which concepts
are explained and then learners try to complete the
tasks.
They consider rote memory, Socratic method and
lecture discussion to be more useful and effective.

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Idealism – curriculum
features
Idealist curriculum is centered on the stimulation of
cognitive processes which can be nourished when
learners immerse themselves in dialogue with
others.

Curriculum loaded with formal subjects such as

literature, arts, history, philosophy, religion, and
humanities = good curriculum.

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Idealism – significant
role of
teachers
Teachers  dispensers of knowledge
 authoritarian and mental disciplinarian

Their primary duty is to pass on the knowledge as

they stand closer to the ideal being who is a
possessor of wisdom and good character.

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Idealism – role of lear
ners

Learners  passive receivers of knowledge

Being good and brilliant learners is to think and act like

their teachers who were honed by their experience and
training.

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Idealism –
learning
assessment
Evaluation of learning is usually
performed in a subjective way and in a
qualitative method.

ex. Essays, critic papers, reflection

papers, etc.

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Idealism –
classroom
atmosphere
 Authoritarian
 The classroom discipline and
control is oftentimes punitive and
restrictive of the freedom of
learners to choose and explore.

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Idealism – advantages &
disadvantages
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
 Orderly classroom S
 Idealist teachers have  old-fashioned philosophy
full control of the
 Curriculim is difficult to
behavior of learners
change or innovate.
 Able to accomplish
 Development of the
subject content within
body is not a priority
the desired time.
 “one size fits all”
 Essential topics are less
likely to be missed

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Realism is a science and mathematics
friendly philosophy which believes that the
real world exists independently from any
human experience. The features of the
world exist even when no human being is
there to perceive them.

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realism – aim of educ
ation
The ultimate aim of education is making the learners
understand the world through inquiry, verifying ideas
in the physical world, and teaching things that are
essential and practical.

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realism – educational
methods
The preferred method of realists are inductive
process (concrete to abstract) and those that involve
teaching for the mastery of facts.

Through repeated practice and feedback, learners

are able to master the concepts and eventually apply
them in their right context.

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realism – curriculum fe
atures

Science and mathematics are the heart of realist

curriculum. These subjects provide insights and
predictions about nature by making the calculation
and measurement as well as the shapes and
motions of physical objects.

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realism – significant ro
le of teachers

Teachers  responsible for teaching the

regularities and rhythm of nature
 transmit knowledge free from personal
biases and subjective views because they use
objective criteria in teaching.

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realism – role of learn
er s

Learners  train their senses in analyzing the physical world

 trained in determining truth using the scientific way
and they argue by scientific reasoning

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realism – learning
assessment
Realism evaluates learner’s learning using
quantitative means. The preferred assessment
tools for realism are standardized testing where
teachers obtain test results that can prove that
learners are learning the material. Competency
testing is also done.

ex. Experimentation, demonstration, solving

mathematical problem, multiple choice test, etc.

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realism – classroom a
tmosphere

A realist classroom provides less freedom for learners to

make choices on what, when and how to learn. It is also
filled with pictures, maps, projects and other outputs of
teaching and learning activities provided or performed.

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realism – advantages &
disadvantages
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
 Learners ought to master S
competencies that are
 It neglects the
useful, practical and
importance of ideals and
beneficial in their lives
values
 More inventions and
 It de-emphasizes
discoveries are made for
feelings, socialization
the benefit of humanity
and other personal
 It prepares learners in factors in learning.
their career equipping
 Very objective, precise
them to become
and measurable
competitive in the work
approach in teaching.
environment.

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 Thank
you!
“The only thing we require to be a good philosopher is
the faculty of wonder.” - Jostein Gaarder

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