Module 9. Global Demography
Module 9. Global Demography
Adrian Z. de Lumen
Instructor, GE3
Global Demography
Adrian Z. de Lumen
Instructor, GE3
Objectives:
• Discuss the relationship between population
and economic welfare.
• Identify the effects of aging and
overpopulation.
• Differentiate between contrasting positions
over reproductive health.
Movement and Sustainability
• How do people interact with their
surroundings?
– The interactions are increasingly being
molded by the globalization processes.
– Marginal cost and benefit
Global Demography
• Why do you think couples have children?
– It is a symbol of successful union.
– It will also ensure that the family will have a
successor generation that will continue its
name.
Global Demography
• Demography – the study of statistics such as
births, deaths, income, the incidence of
disease, which illustrate the changing
structure of human population.
Global Demography
Rural vs. Urban
• Rural communities often welcome an extra
hand.
• Urbanized, educated, and professional families
with two incomes, however desire just one or
two progenies.
Global Demography
Rural vs. Urban
• Urban families have their sights on long-term
savings plan.
– Retirement, health care, and education
• Rural Families view multiple children and
large kinship networks as critical investments.
Global Demography
• The differing versions of family life determine
the economic and social policies that countries
craft regarding their respective populations.
• Urban population have grown, but not
because of families having more children.
Global Demography
• Migration is a way to move from one place to another
in order to live and work. Movement of people from
their home to another city, state or country.
• This movement of people is especially manifest in the
developing countries where industries and business in
the cities are attracting people from the rural areas.
Global Demography
• International migration – People coming from
developing countries are moving to the first
world countries.
• Countries welcome immigrants as they offset
the debilitating effect of an aging population,
but they are also perceived as threats to job
markets.
The “Perils” of overpopulation
• Development planners see urbanization and
industrialization as indicators of a developing
society, but disagree on the role of population
growth or decline in modernization.
– Malthusian theory.
The “Perils” of overpopulation
• If not controlled could lead to widespread
poverty.
The “Perils” of overpopulation
• Advocates of population control promotes
reproductive health.
– Access to condoms, pills, abortion, and
vasectomy
– Giving women the right to choose whether
to have children or not.
It’s the economy not the babies
• Betsy Hartmann disagree with the advocates
of neo-Malthusian theory and accused
governments of using population control as a
substitute for social justice, and much-needed
reforms-such land distribution, employment
creation, provision of mass education and
health care and emancipation.
It’s the economy not the babies
• Others pointed out that population growth
aided economic development by spurring
technological and institutional innovation.
• Dynamic age structure will have economic
consequences.(workers per dependent)
Theories on Population Growth and Decline
2. Marxian Theory
• Karl Marx believed that the problem was not
primarily one of population but one of the
ownership of the means of production and the
inequitable distribution of a society’s wealth.
• He contended that the solution to population
problems lay in the establishment of a new
social order- the socialist order.
Theories on Population Growth and Decline