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Boiler PPT

This document provides an overview of boilers. It discusses how boilers were first used to generate steam and the purposes they serve, such as providing heat for industrial processes and electricity generation. It describes the basic components and functions of boilers, including that their main purpose is to heat water and generate steam. The document also covers different types of boilers, like fire-tube and water-tube boilers, and their applications. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of boilers as well as common failures due to corrosion and how they can be remedied.

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Ankit
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1K views

Boiler PPT

This document provides an overview of boilers. It discusses how boilers were first used to generate steam and the purposes they serve, such as providing heat for industrial processes and electricity generation. It describes the basic components and functions of boilers, including that their main purpose is to heat water and generate steam. The document also covers different types of boilers, like fire-tube and water-tube boilers, and their applications. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of boilers as well as common failures due to corrosion and how they can be remedied.

Uploaded by

Ankit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BOILER

THEORETICAL OVERVIEW

• CAMP FIRE

• For a long time, camp fire was the


only one utilization method, which
supplies heat for heating and for
cooking
• Heat demands were supplied with
ovens and stoves till the mid of
18th century
• An energy transfer medium is
needed to deliver generated heat
from the fire place to heat demand
• Boilers were made for the first
time only for steam generation
Why we need boilers?
////Because we need heat////

Mankind needs heat energy


• for making comfortable room conditions
• for several industrial processes
• for electricity generation
PURPOSE OF BOILER

Heat generation
FUNCTION OF BOILER
Boiler, as a name suggests, is a device/
equipment to ‘boil’ the fluid
(generally Water).

• Steel tank
• Water
• Fuel
- solid
- liquid
FUEL
- gas
• Steam is produced
COMPONENTS OF BOILERS

1. Feed Pump
2. Boiler shell/Stream
drum – steel plates –
rolled and riveted
3. Combustion chamber
– where fuel burns
4. Concrete/fire bricks
5. Grate/Stoker – cast
iron rods – fuel placed
on it and burnt
6. Furnace – fire box
7. Ash pit
8. Heating surface –
water pipes
BOILER MOUNTINGS
• Fittings on a boiler to ensure its safe operation
• Integral parts of boilers

Water level Stop valve


indicator &
Pressure gauge

Safety valve
Blow off cock
BOILER ACCESSORIES
- To increase efficiency

Economizer
Feed pump

Super heater
Air preheater
FUNCTION OF BOILER
Main purpose of boiler is to heat water and
generate steam
Steam produced can be used in variety of
purposes like:
 Power generation
 Space heating
 Sterilization
 Water heating
 Dying etc.
POWER GENERATION SPACE HEATING
STERILIZATION DYING
WATER HEATING HUMIDIFICATION
ADVANTAGES
Initialcost is less
Installation is easy and quick
Any type of fuel can be used
Can be moved and set up quickly

DISADVANTAGES
Steam rising capacity less due to vertical
design
Poor efficiency with small boilers
It’s difficult to clean inside
Large flat surface is needed
TYPES OF BOILERS

WATER-TUBE BOILER FIRE-TUBE BOILER


FIRE-TUBE BOILER
Combustion gasses passes through inside of
tube and water surrounding it.
Fuel burnt is firebox to produce combustion
gasses
Hot gasses flowing in firetube heat the water
and produce saturated steam
Steam rises to highest point of boiler steam
dome where it is collected
APPLICATIONS
Operation of steam locomotives
Small factories and industries
Home heating system
Textile industries
Wood industries
WATER-TUBE BOILER
Exact opposite of fire-tube boiler
Water flowing inside tube is externally heated
by fire
Fuel is burnt inside furnace creating hot gasses.
Hot gases surrounds tubes and heats the water
inside the tubes
The heated water then rises into steam drum
To make boiler economical exhaust gases are
used to pre-heat the air blown into furnace and
heat the water feed
APPLICATIONS
Oil refineries
Steel mills
Chemical plants
Paper mills.
ADVANTAGES OF BOILER:
 Easily operated
 Easy installation
 Fuels usage
 Easy construction
 Low maintenance cost
 Steam produced have excellent quality
 High overall efficiency (80% to 85%)

DISADVANTAGES OF BOILER:

 More space required


 Poor efficiency
 Cleaning inside
 Low steam production rate (9000kg/hr)
 Corrosion
 Limited pressure (max 30 psi)
FAILURES DUE TO CORROSION:

Various corrosion mechanisms contribute to


boiler tube failure. Some are given below:
1_Stress Corrosion Cracking:
It is caused by a combination of metal stress and
the presence of a corrosive
REMEDY: A metallurgical examination of the failed
area is required to confirm the specific type of
cracking.
2_dissolved oxygen:
Oxygen is highly corrosive when present in hot
water. Iron oxide generated by the corrosion can
produce iron deposits in the boiler.
REMEDY:
Phosphate-based treatments are used
Use of oxygen scavengers, like catalyzed sodium
sulfite, hydrazine, and organic scavengers are
used
Demineralizing and Chelant are used
PARTS OF BOILERS

 BURNER

Burner is the area where the air mixes


with your fuel source and combusts
MATERIAL:
Stainless steel

CAUSES OF FAILURE: REMEDY:

 Boiler fuel supply malfunction  There could be short circuit in the pumping
 filter gets choked system of fuel
 Improper air steam ratio  Starting from diesel to heavy oil stopping
from heavy oil to diesel
 Proper air fuel ratio
 AQUASTATS

Senses temperature of water


and control’s burner on the call
of thermostat

CAUSES OF FAILURE: REMEDY:

 Temperature set too low or too high  Adjust temperature


 Water pressure is too high  Relief valve operation
 Sensors not working properly  Replace the sensors
 WATER FEED PUMP:

Feeds the water into the boiler

CAUSES OF FAILURE: REMEDY:


Electrical corrosion Diamond coating mechanical
seals are used
 ECONOMIZER TUBES:

Used to pre-heat the water

CAUSES: REMEDY:
Improve water treatment
oxygen pitting
ALTERNATIVES

 WOOD STOVE
 HEAT PUMP
REFERECE
 ftp://ftp.energia.bme.hu/pub/Heat_Engines/L
ecture_Notes/BOILERS.pdf
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-tube_boiler
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-tube_boil
er
 http://www.marineinsight.com/tech/boiler/boi
ler-starting-failure-troubleshooting/
 http://www.dewarplumbers.ie/blog/boiler-upg
rade-alternatives.html
THANK YOU

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