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Cryogenic Grinding

The document summarizes a seminar presentation on cryogenic grinding. Cryogenic grinding involves cooling materials to very low temperatures using liquid nitrogen before grinding to embrittle them. This allows for finer particle sizes and more uniform distributions compared to conventional grinding. Experimental results showed cryogenic grinding of spices and wheat retained more essential oils and volatile components. Advantages included smaller particle sizes, increased throughput, reduced power needs, and minimized loss of components during grinding. Potential demerits involved blockages from ice formation in cryogen delivery systems and higher economic costs.

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Syed Rizwan
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248 views22 pages

Cryogenic Grinding

The document summarizes a seminar presentation on cryogenic grinding. Cryogenic grinding involves cooling materials to very low temperatures using liquid nitrogen before grinding to embrittle them. This allows for finer particle sizes and more uniform distributions compared to conventional grinding. Experimental results showed cryogenic grinding of spices and wheat retained more essential oils and volatile components. Advantages included smaller particle sizes, increased throughput, reduced power needs, and minimized loss of components during grinding. Potential demerits involved blockages from ice formation in cryogen delivery systems and higher economic costs.

Uploaded by

Syed Rizwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES and

TECHONOLOGY,Rajampeta

Seminar on
Cryogenic grinding
Presented by
N. Rajesh
H.NO:17705A0317
Branch-Mechanical
Guide: S.Ramesh Babu
Contents:
 Introduction
 Problems faced in conventional grinding
 Cryogenic grinding
 Cryogen
 Cryogenic Grinding system
 Working process flow chart of Cryogenic grinding
 Advantages of crygrinding with liquid nitrogen in spices
 Experimental results on Species
 Experimental results on Wheat grain
 Merits and demerits
 Applications
 Conclusion
Introduction
 The word ‘CRYOGENI CS’ originates from the Greek word “cryo” ,which
means production by means of cold.

 It deals with low temperatures as low as below -150◦c or 123 k to absolute


zero.

 Cryogenics is the study of low temperatures and behavior of materials.

 Cryogenic grinding technology can efficiently grind most tough and also
facilitate cryogenic recycling of tough composite materials and multi
component .

 It employs a cryogenic process to embrittle and grind materials to achieve


consistent particle size for a wide range of products.
Problems faced in Conventional Grinding process:
 High heat generation.
 Introduction of tensile residual stress
 Less tool life .
 Clogging and gumming of mill.
 Oxidation.
Cryogenic Grinding
 It also known as freezer milling/freezer grinding /cryomilling.
 It is an act of cooling/chilling a material and then reducing it to smaller
particle size.
 It utilizes the cooling effect of Liquid nitrogen to embrittle materials during
the grinding process.
 Cryogenic grinding process does not
damage or alter the chemical composition
of the material in any way .
 Materials which are elastic in nature,
low melting points, low combustion temperature,
senstive to oxygen can be ideally machined
by cryogenic grinding process.

Fig 1
CRYOGENS
 The extremely low temperatures are produced by using substances
called “cryogens” such as liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen.
 All cryogenic liquids are gases at normal temperatures and pressure .
So, these gases must be cool below room temperature to liquefy them.
 They have boiling point below -150◦c.
 There are several cryogenic liquids such as Nitrogen, helium, neon, argon ,
krypton, hydrogen, methane and liquefied natural gas etc..
 Cryogens are stored in a vessel called Dewar Flask which provides good
insulation.

Fig 2
Cryogenic Grinding system
 The cryogenic grinding system mainly consists of two main units, namely..,,,
1. Precooling unit .
2. Grinding Unit.

Precooling unit:
 The cryogenic precooler is a cooling device made up of screw conveyor
enclosed in a properly insulated barrel and a system to introduce liquid
nitrogen into the barrel, there by providing refrigeration with in the
system.
 The function of the cryogenic precooler is to remove the heat from the
material before it enters the grinder.
 It consists of screw conveyor assebly, an air compressor, a liquid nitrogen
dewar, a power transmission arrangement and control pannels.
 It reduces the temperature of the materials below its brittel point as
well as the freezing point before it enters the grinder.
 The temperature of the precooler and the feed rate to the grinder is
control to minimise the loss of quality of the final powdered material.
 Consumption of liquid nitrogen and the operating cost are important
considerations and matters of concern for a cryogenic precoooling
system.
 The liquid nitrogen losses can be minimized to a great extent by proper
consideration of the design and insulation of precooler .

Fig 3
Grinding unit:
 The operation of grinding was performed by impact and
attrition .
 The grinder was operated by an Electric motor.
 The grounded powder was collected in the collector pan
from an outlet and the nitrogen vapour let out.

fig4
Schematic diagram of cryogenic grinding
machine

Fig 5
Advantages of cryogrinding with liquid
nitrogen in spices
 High retention of enteric oils - Due to lower operating temperatures , the
etheric oil will be retained in the product almost to the original level.
 Prevention of oxidation an rancidity-the heat developed during grinding
will be absorbed by liquid nitrogen and converted to vapor and eliminates
the possibility of oxidation.
 Increased throughput and power saving-due to usage of liquid nitrogen,
the raw material becomes brittle . This intern keeps the oil moisture
content in the crystallized condition during grinding and avoids
clogging .required less power to crush.
 Finer particle size.
 Reduction in microbial load-By cooling with liquid nitrogen , some bacteria
may become dormant.
 Possibility of grinding different spices.
Tabel1 Superiority of the whole cryogenically process
over standard grinding process spices w.r.t Essential
oil content
Tabel2:Superiority of cryogenically
processed wheat flour over wheat grain
Advantages
 Smaller particle size.
 More uniform particle size distribution.
 Process cooling/temperature control.
 Increased throughput.
 Reduced power consumption.
 Minimal loss of Volatile components .
 Improves aroma by minimizing the loss of essential oils
when compared with grinding at normal temperature.
Demerits
 The application of cryogen is moist atmosphere may
cause formation of ice around the delivery nozzle and
the pipping system carrying cryogen. These may cause
possible blockage in the delivery system of liquid nitrogen.
 Economic considerations should be solved.

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