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CHAPTER - 6 Statistical Quality Control

This document discusses statistical quality control (SQC), which uses statistical techniques to control the quality of manufactured goods. SQC aims to establish and achieve quality specifications by using statistical tools and techniques. Key aspects of SQC covered include process control using control charts, acceptance sampling methods like single and double sampling plans, and advantages/limitations of SQC. Quality tools for identifying and correcting quality problems are also mentioned, such as cause-and-effect diagrams, flow charts, check sheets, histograms, and Pareto charts.

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207 views

CHAPTER - 6 Statistical Quality Control

This document discusses statistical quality control (SQC), which uses statistical techniques to control the quality of manufactured goods. SQC aims to establish and achieve quality specifications by using statistical tools and techniques. Key aspects of SQC covered include process control using control charts, acceptance sampling methods like single and double sampling plans, and advantages/limitations of SQC. Quality tools for identifying and correcting quality problems are also mentioned, such as cause-and-effect diagrams, flow charts, check sheets, histograms, and Pareto charts.

Uploaded by

shamzan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER - 5

STATISTICAL
QUALITY CONTROL
SQC Meaning!

• Manufacturer uses Statistical techniques in


controlling the quality of goods.
• It is the means of establishing & achieving
quality specifications, which requires use of
tools & techniques of statistics.
SQC Meaning!

• Manufacturer uses Statistical techniques in


controlling the quality of goods.
• It is the means of establishing & achieving
quality specifications, which requires use of
tools & techniques of statistics.
Characteristics of S.Q.C
• Designed to control quality of goods
produced for marketing.
• Exercise by the producers during the
production to assess the quality of goods.
• Carried out with the help of certain
statistical tools for collecting and analyzing
data.
• Designed to determine the variations in
quality of the goods & limits of tolerance.
Methods of S.Q.C
• Process Control:- Under this the quality is
controlled while the products are in the
process of production.
• The process control is secured with the
technique of Control Charts. Control charts
are also used in the field of advertising,
packing etc. The ensure whether the
products conform to the specified quality
standards or not.
• (Upper & Lower control limits)
Acceptance Sampling
• It is concerned with the inspection of
manufactured products. The items are
inspected to know whether to accept a lot of
items conforming to standards of quality or
reject a lot as non- conforming.
• However this process may create a risk for
either the consumer or the producer.
• Single and Double or Multiple sampling Plan.
Single Sampling Plan

Under single sampling plan, a sample of


‘n’ items is first chosen at random from
a lot of N items. If the sample contains,
say, ‘c’ or few defectives, the lot is
accepted, while if it contains more than
‘c’ defectives, the lot is rejected (‘c’ is
known as ‘acceptance number’).
Single Sampling Plan

Under single sampling plan, a sample of


‘n’ items is first chosen at random from
a lot of N items. If the sample contains,
say, ‘c’ or few defectives, the lot is
accepted, while if it contains more than
‘c’ defectives, the lot is rejected (‘c’ is
known as ‘acceptance number’).
Single Sampling Plan
Count the no. of
defectives,
‘d’ in the sample of size
‘n’

Is ‘d’ ≤ ‘c’

If yes, than accept the


If no, then reject the lot
lot
Double Sampling Plan

• Under this sampling plan, a sample of ‘n 1’ items is first


chosen at random from the lot of size ‘N’. If the sample
contains, say, ‘c1’ or few defectives, the lot is accepted; if it
contains more than ‘c2’ defectives, the lot is rejected. If
however, the number of defectives in the sample exceeds ‘c 1’,
but is not more than ‘c2’, a second sample of ‘n2’ items is take
from the same lot. If now, the total no. of defectives in the
two samples together does not exceed ‘c 2’, the lot is accepted;
otherwise it is rejected. (‘c1’ is known as acceptance no. for
the first sample & ‘c2’ is the acceptance no. of both the
samples taken together)
Double Sampling Plan
Count the no. of
defectives, d1in the
first sample of size n1

Is d1 ≤ c1 ?

If yes, accept the lot

If No, then check


If c1 ≤ d1 ≥ c2 ?

Draw another sample


of size n2

Count the no. of


defectives d2 in this
sample

Is d1 + d2 ≤ c2

If yes, then accept the


If No, reject the lot
lot.
Advantages of S.Q.C
• Helpful in controlling the quality of a
product.
• Eliminate assignable causes of variation
• Better quality at lower inspection cost
• Useful to both producers and consumers.
• It makes the workers Quality conscious.
• Help in earning goodwill/ repute.
Limitations of S.Q.C
• Does not serve as a solution for all quality
evils.
• It cannot be used to all production process.
• It involves mathematical & Statistical
problems in the process of analysis &
interpretation of variations in quality.
• Provides only an information services.
Quality Tools
• TQM stresses that employees must be able to identify
and correct quality problems and that the must be
trained for assessing quality b using different quality
tools.
• There are variety of Quality Control Tools like:
1. Cause and effect diagram
( also known as Fish Bone Diagram)
2. Flow chart
3. Check list / Check sheet
4. Pareto chart
5. Histogram etc;
Cause- and- effect Diagram
Check Sheet
Histogram
Flow Chart
Pareto Chart

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