MEASURING,CUTTING

AND JOINING PIPES

FLORENCE MARTHA C. USERO

BSCE – 4A
CAST IRON PIPES
- had been used for all types of plumbing installations.
- it was proven good and durable material for House
Sewer, House Drain, Soil, Waste, and Vent Pipe on various
type of Building.
- less than 25-Storey high building

Length: 150 cm long with various Diameter ranging from 50 mm

- 150 mm
TYPES OF PIPES
 STANDARD PIPES
- Is used for a well-fitted hub and Spigot connections.

A small peg or plug, especially for

insertion into the vent of a desk.

 SINGLE HUB
- Is recommended when the length of a Pipe needed is more than 150 cm
long where in cutting is not necessary.
DOUBLE HUB
- Is preferred when a piece of pipe is needed is shorter than 150 cm long.
When the pipe is cut, both ends has hub to serve as joint connector.

HUBLESS PIPE
- Is used in lieu of the single hub to do away with caulking of joints. It is
Cheaper and easily connected using a neoprene rubber sleeves.
WEIGHT OFSOIL PIPE 150 CM LONG
SIZE SINGLE HUB DOUBLE HUB
mm in kg. kg.
50 2 12.5 13
75 3 21.6 22
100 4 29.5 30
125 5 38.5 39
150 6 45.5 46

EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF CAST IRON PIPES

PIPE SIZE LAYING LENGTH IN CENTIMETER
mm in Pipe with Hub Hubless Pipe
50 2 143 150
75 3 143 150
100 4 142 150
125 5 142 150
150 6 142 150
MEASURING CAST IRON PIPE
In measuring Cast iron Pipe, the end portion that will enter into the hub is added to the
Face Length of the effective distance.

ADDITIONAL LENGTH IN CUTTING CAST IRON PIPES

PIPE DIAMETER ENGAGEMENT LENGTH
mm in mm cm
50 2 62 6.2
75 3 68 6.8
100 4 75 7.5
125 5 75 7.5
150 6 75 7.5
EXAMPLE:

120 + 6.2 = 126.2

CUTTING AND CONNECTING PIPES

1.A chalk must drawn around the pipe.

2.The pipe is laid on sand.

3.With the use of hammer and cold chisel, the scored line
around the pipe is Stuck gently at first round, then
continue striking harder all around, until the pipe is cut
or part off.
QUANTITY OF OAKUM PIPE JOINTS
PIPE DIAMETER
WEIGHT OAKUM PER JOINTS IN KILOGRAMS
mm in
50 2 0.05
75 3 0.08
100 4 0.15
125 5 0.23
150 6 0.35

CALKING JOINTS

1. Make sure that the pipes to be joined are perfectly aligned with the spigot
centered inside the bell.
1. Wrap the oakum around the spigot neck filling the space around
the inner hub. With the use of yarning iron, drive the oakum into
the bottom hub, then compress firmly to make a solid bed
providing 20 t0 25 mm clearance from the top of the bell.

2. After packing, the joint sealed with lead monolithically poured

around the inner hub at about 3 mm above the bell. Then packed
against the hub by the calking iron tamping it firmly to make a
water tight seal.
QUANTITY OF LEAD PER PIPE JOINT

PIPE
DIAMETER WEIGHT OAKUM PER JOINTS IN
KILOGRAMS
mm
50 0.50
75 0.80
100 1.00
125 1.50
150 2.00
Example:

Determine the quantity of Oakum and lead in kilograms required

for a drainage installation with the following joints.

8 Joints of 50 mm pipe
14 Joints of 100 mm

OAKUM: 8 Joints x .05 = .40 kg.

:14 joints x .15 = 2.1 kg.

LEAD: 8 Joints x .50 = 4 kg.

:14 joints x 1.00 = 14 kg.

ORDER: 2.50 kg. of Oakum

:18 kg. peg lead
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE

• Direct Connections – refers to the manner of planning the layout and

re-routing of the pipes to reach the point of service. All pipes should be
installed s short and direct as possible.
• Measuring and cutting – Errors committed in the measuring and
cutting of pipes, may mean additional pipes and fittings, cost of labor, and
the risk of water leakage.
-Is Done by using a 14-teeth per inch hacksaw
blade applying forward strokes at the rate of about one stroke per second.
• Threading Operations

• Sizing of the Pipes

LENGTH OF SCREWED PIPE INTO THE FITTING

PIPE DIAMETER STANDARD FITTING DRIANAGE FITTING

mm in cm cm
12 1/2 1.2 -
20 3/4 1.2 -
25 1 1.6 -
32 1 1/4 1.6 1.6
38 1 1/2 1.6 1.6
50 2 2 1.6
75 3 - 2.2
100 4 - 2.5
1.2 x 2 = 2.4 cm 430 + 2.4 = 432.4 cm
PIPE DIAMETER EQUIVALENT IN MM

Circumference 54 67 83 113 133 150

string Length

Pipe Size mm 10 13 20 25 32 38

Equivalent in 3⁄8 1⁄2 3⁄4 1 1 1⁄4 1 1⁄2

inches
DETERMINING THE G.I PIPE DIAMETER

The size of Galvanized iron pipe is the diameter of its hole not the
inside diameter. In the absence of a measuring caliper, the inside
diameter of pipe can be known by measuring the outside
circumference of the pipe with a string.
PIPE SIZE PIPE ALONE PIPE AND FITTING FOR TURNING FITTING

38 1 1/2 5 cm 7.5 cm 15.0 cm

50 2" 6.3 cm 8.8 cm 17.5 cm

75 3" 8.8 cm 12.5 cm 25.0 cm

100 4' 113 cm 15.0 cm 30.0 cm

 LENGTH OF TEFLON TAPE ON PIPE JOINT ON METER

NUMBER OF TURN
PIPE DIAMETER
  10 12 20 25 32 38 50
1 0.054 0.067 0.083 0.113 0.123 0.150 0.200
2 0.108 0.134 0.166 0.226 0.236 0.300 0.400
3 0.162 0.201 0.249 0.339 0.350 0.450 0.600
4 0.216 0.268 0.332 0.452 0.492 0.600 0.800
5 0.270 0.335 0.415 0.565 0.615 0.750 1.00
6 0.324 0.402 0.498 0.678 0.738 0.900 1.20
7 0.378 0.469 0.581 0.791 0.861 1.05 1.40
8 0.432 0.536 0.664 0.904 0.984 1.20 1.60
Determine the amount of Teflon Tape required for the following
numbers of pipes and fitting connections specifying 5 rounds per
joints.

12 mm ------ 16 Joints
20 mm ------ 12 Joints
25 mm ------ 10 Joints

Solution:
16 Joints x .335 = 5.35 m
12 Joints x .415 = 4.98 m
1o Joints x .565 = 5.65 m
Total length of Teflon Tape=15.98 meters

1 roll of Teflon Tape is 1 meter.

ORDER: 16 Rolls
COPPER PIPE

1. Rigid Type
2. Flexible Type

COPPER WORKING PROCEDURES:

3. In measuring length a rigid or flexible copper pipe, the face to face
method is also applied. The depth of the soldering hub is added to
the clear face to face length of the pipe.
4. Cutting of copper pipes with a suitable rotary tube cutter will give
the best and satisfying result. In the absence of a rotary tube cutter,
the hacksaw blade with 24 teeth per inch is used on heavy pipes
and the 32 teeth per inch for the thinner one.
3. Cutting is done through a gentle light forward stroke. After
cutting, the burrs are removed inside the pipe with File or
reamer.
Copper pipes are bent slowly on a wide radius to avoid
kinking. Bending a pipes is easily done with pipe bending
machine to produce a very satisfactory result. Another way of
bending copper pipes is by using a steel spring inserted inside
the pipe to produce a smooth clean curve.
SOLDERING COPPER PIPE JOINTS
1. Clean thoroughly both ends of the pipes to a bright finish
including the inside of the fitting with emery clothe or fine paper
sand.
2. Apply a tin coat of non-corrosive flux or soldering paste to all
cleaned surface of the pipe and fittings.
3. Place the fitting up to the hub and rotate for several times until
the flux is evenly spread.
4. Wipe the excess flux around the fitting and solder in one
operation only. With a propane torch, heat the fitting uniformly
around the pipe.
5. Never allow the flux ed joint to stand for more than 3 hours
before soldering.
6. During the process of cooling, avoid disturbing the pipe or the
fitting for it might weaken or break the seal.
7. Avoid soldering the pipe that contains water. Wrap other
connections with wet rags in the same fitting before soldering to
avoid melting of the finished joints.
PLASTIC PIPES
-Is a new concept of plumbing for all types of building.
Plastic pipe has been accepted worldwide after it has in
many ways proven itself to be superior as sewer and cold
water pipe line material.

The simplest way of joining plastic pipes is by cementing

called solvent Welding. It takes only about ¼ the time it
takes to assemble bell and spigot joints.
WORKING WITH PLASTIC PIPES

1. Measure the face to face distance of the fittings to be connected.

Add the engagement length before cutting the pipes.

2. Some plastic pipes can be cut with a sharp knife but all can be cut
by a hacksaw or handsaw. A rotary pipe cutter should be not in
any manner be used in cutting plastic pipes.
3. Be sure to cut pipe ends square or at a right angle the axis of the
pipe. Work on one joint at a time. Solvent is very quick setting and
unforgiving of mistakes. Once an error is committed, the only
remedy is to cut the pipe and have it replaced.
4. After cutting remove the burrs inside the pipe, ream
and clean the end portion of the pipe until smoot to allow
full contact with the fitting shoulder. Clean the pipe end
with METHYL ETHYL KETON (MEK) or simply ACETONE.
However, depending upon the type of plastic being used,
there are solvent that needs no cleaning of the pipes
before it’s application.
5. Apply solvent cement liberally using non-synthetic
brush to the shoulder fitting the butt end of the pipes.
6. Insert the pipe into the fitting and give it a quarter turn
of ¼ turn. The span of the time from the cement
application to the quarter turning should not be more
than 30 seconds.
7. Do not disturbed the pipe for several minutes after quarter
turn. Wait for about 2hours before testing the line under
pressure . Drying of the cement must be far enough advance
from 15 to 20 hours to permit use of the line.
8. In the process of bending, plastic pipes is packed with sand
then heated using a flame torch or hot water. Apply pressure
gently and gradually when the pipe is soft and ready for
bending. Continue bending until the desired curvature of the
pipe is arrived at. A metal spring for bending copper tube may
be used to prevent flattering of the pipes.
9. Correction or repair of lines may be done by cutting the pipe
at a reasonable distance away from the side of the fitting then
connected with coupling or socket.
 ENGAGEMENT LENGTH OF A 3 METERS PIPE (mm)

SIZE OF FITTING 20 25 32 40 50 63 90 115

LENGTH mm 12 20 25 31 37 50 75 100
 ENGAGEMENT LENGTH OF A 6.00 METERS PIPE
PIPE SIZE TELESCOPIC LENGTH IN EFFECTIVE LENGTH IN WEIGHT PER METER IN KG.
mm in. CM. METER
63 2 1/2 7.5 5.925 0.75
75 3 12 5.880 1.51
90 3 1/2 13 5.880 1.9
100 4 1/2 14 5.870 2.85
160 6 1/2 16 5.840 6.03
225 9 18 5.820 11.87
280 11 1/2 20.5 5.795 18.51

QUANTITY OF SOLVENT CEMENT PER JOINT

SIZE OF PIPE 20 25 32 40 50 63 90 115

GRAMS/
JOINT 1 1.5 2 2.5 3.5 5 10 16
List down the materials required to installed the drainage pipes
using:

63 mm x 3.00 meters plastics pipes

100 mm x 6.00 meters pipes
For 63 mm Pipes:
44.40 m / 3.00 m = 14.8 pcs.
For Solvent Cement:
3.00 x .8 = 2.4 m
28 Joints x 5.0 = 140 grams
2 x 7.5 = 15 cm

2.4 m+ .15 m = 2.55 m

Order: 14 pcs. 16mm x 3.00 m

: 1 pc. 16mm cut at 2.55 mm
For 100 mm Pipes:

44.40 m / 5.870 = 7.56 pcs.

6.00 m x .56 m = 3.36 m

2 x 14 = 28 cm

3.36 m + .28 m = 3.64 m

ORDER: 7 pcs. 100mm x 6.00 m pipes

: 1 –cut at 3.64 m long