Scribd
Upload
157 views

Flower Class 9

Flower is a modified shoot whose main function is reproduction. It consists of four main whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. The calyx and corolla form the outer whorls of sepals and petals respectively, while the androecium and gynoecium comprise the inner reproductive organs - stamens and carpels. Complete flowers contain all four whorls, whereas incomplete flowers may lack one or more whorls. Bisexual flowers have both male and female parts, while unisexual flowers only contain one.

Uploaded by

Shikha Srivastava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
157 views

Flower Class 9

Flower is a modified shoot whose main function is reproduction. It consists of four main whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. The calyx and corolla form the outer whorls of sepals and petals respectively, while the androecium and gynoecium comprise the inner reproductive organs - stamens and carpels. Complete flowers contain all four whorls, whereas incomplete flowers may lack one or more whorls. Bisexual flowers have both male and female parts, while unisexual flowers only contain one.

Uploaded by

Shikha Srivastava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

THE FLOWER

Structure
What is a flower?
• Flower is a modified shoot.
• In a flower the leafy shoot is modified into floral parts.
• Flower is the most beautiful, complex yet most important structure
of the plant. Not every plant bears it. Plants which bear the flowers
are also known as the flowering plants, while those which do not
bear flowers are also known as non-flowering plants.
Some important terms
• Complete flower- flower which contain all the four whorls (viz Calyx,
Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium). These are also called perfect flowers.
• Incomplete flower- flower in which one or more floral parts/ whorls are
missing. These are also called imperfect flowers.
• 4 whorls of flower are calyx, corolla androecium(male) and gynoecium
(female).
• Bisexual flower- flower in which both male and female parts are present.
These are also called hermaphrodite.
• Unisexual flower- flower in which either male or female part is present.
• Male flower is called Staminate
• Female flower is called pistillate or carpillate.
• Neuter flower- flower in which both male and female parts are lacking.
These flowers are sterile and can not reproduce.

Click speaker icon for audio.


Structure of a typical flower:

• Bisexual means a flower which has male and female both the parts in a
same flower.
• Flower which either has male or female part only are called unisexual
flower.
Flower is attached to stem or branch with a
stalk called pedicel. Depending upon the
presence or the absence of the pedicel the
flowers can be of two types-
Pedicellate: Which bear the pedicel. E.g
China rose (Hibiscus), Rose (Rosa indica),
Marigold (Tagetes erectus)
Sessile: Which are without a pedicel. E.g.
Pumpkins, Euphorbia.
Thalamus-The tip of the pedicel swells to
form a pad like or cup shaped structure
which is also known as the thalamus. All the
parts of the flower are attached on the
thalamus. The thalamus is also known as the
receptacle.
 
Whorls of a flower
In a complete flower there are 4 whorls attached on thalamus.
1. First whorl- Calyx (single unit is sepal) green in colour and help in
photosynthesis.
2. Second whorl- Corolla (single unit is petal) brightly coloured to attract
insects and birds for pollination.
3. Third whorl- male part Androecium (single unit is stamen consists of
threadlike filament and bilobed anther which contains pollen grains).
4. Fourth whorl- female part Gynoecium or pistil (single unit is carpel
consists of stigma, style and ovary which contains ovule.
-Single unit of perianth is known as tepal. Example of
perianth flower is lily.
Some important structures that are not present in all the
flowers
Bract- Modified, usually small, leaf like structure often positioned beneath a flower
 or inflorescence. Bract may be green as in Hibiscus or it may be large and showy and
easily mistaken for petal for example- Bougainvillea.
 This image of bougainvillea is showing big bright red bract with small white flower.
Nectaries-Small secretory structures, called nectaries produce a sweet fragrant liquid
called nectar, are often found at the base of the pistil; they provide food rewards for
insect and bird pollinators.
Example- Nasturtium

Epicalyx-An epicalyx, forms an additional whorl around the calyx of a single


flower. Example- Hibiscus
Revision
Q.1 Name the following-
a) The modified shoot of plant which accounts for reproduction.
b) The flower which has stamen only.
c) The flower which has carpel only.
d) The flower which has all the parts.
e) The whorl of stamen.
f) The whorl of the carpels
g) The parts of flower which are directly involved in reproduction
h) ‘The ring of tepals.
i) The additional green structures other than sepals.
j) The fertile part of the stamen.

Q.2 Study the diagram given alongside and answer the questions that follow-
 
k) Label all the parts.
l) What is the function of the part numbered as 1?
m) Which part develops into fruit?
n) Name the essential and non-essential components.

Q.3 Differentiate between the following pairs -

o) Staminate and pistillate flowers.


p) Calyx and epicalyx
q) Sepal and petal
r) Pedicillate and sessile

Q.4 Draw a well labelled diagram of a flower.

You might also like