APPLICATION OF

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING IN
SPACE
Presented by:
Name: aadil
Class :6th semester electrical
Roll no : 16207145004
  Introduction
CONTENTS
 Application of electrical engineer
in :-

 Lauching spacecraft
 Landing Rovers on mars
 Communication statellites

 References
INTRODUCTION:
 Engineers in the space sector design, build and maintain
systems and spacecraft. They are responsible for launching
spacecraft, landing rovers on Mars, building communication
satellites that allow us to use the Internet, and so much more.
 To accomplish these incredible feats, engineers use math, science
and technical knowledge as their tools of choice. They apply
scientific principles to real-world problems and provide practical
solutions, turning science into technology.
NO 1) LAUNCHING
STATELLITES
 Like all other machines, a satellite needs a source of energy in order to
function. As it launches away from Earth it will be running off an
onboard battery – one last resource from its home planet – but to
operate continuously for years on end more long-lived power sources
are required.
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE
POWER SOURCES FOR
SPACECRAFT
Basically, spacecraft can be powered by energy stored in a battery or fuel cell and released as the craft travels,
or it can be generated as the journey progresses. There are several ways to store and make energy.  These
include: include:
 Batteries which store energy made on Earth and release it as electricity.

 Solar panels which convert light from the Sun into electricity.

 Radioisotope thermoelectric generators,or RTGs, which uses the fact that radioactive materials, encased in a
sealed shell, will generate heat as they decay into non-radioactive materials
 .Fuel cells which are somewhat like batteries, storing power in the form of separated oxygen and hydrogen. A
thin membrane between the two elements harnesses the energy separated when the oxygen and hydrogen
combine with each other
WHAT IS THE POWER
SYSTEM DOMAIN:
 Power Systems cover all aspects of power generation, storage, conditioning, distribution
and conversion for all types of space applications. A launcher will live out of
electrochemical sources, i.e. primary or secondary batteries, while a satellite in Earth orbit
will rely on a solar generator backed by a battery when it is not yet deployed, just after
launch, or when the spacecraft goes into the Earth shadow. Today most satellites rely on
advanced solar cells with an efficiency around 30% and on Li-ion batteries. When the
distance to the Sun becomes too large, i.e. typically beyond Jupiter, then the solar flux can
no longer be used effectively and nuclear sources are the only option left.The power
sources being the heaviest equipment of any spacecraft, there is a constant push to
increase their performances. Triple junction solar cells, which are the current state of the
art, will be replaced by more efficient 4 to 6 junctions ones in the years to come. New
battery technologies, like Litihum-Sulfur, are currently the subject of intense efforts to
provide a new step forward in energy density.In the field of power electronics, the trend is
toward shrinking the size of the equipment and simultaneously increasing their efficiency,
so that the power lost as thermal dissipation is reduced together with the area available to
dissipate it. Here too, advanced components like Gallium Nitride (GaN) or Silicon Carbide
(SiC) semiconductors are the subject of important development efforts to achieve both
goals.
SPACECRAFT POWER
SYSTEM :
NO 2) COMMUNICATION
STATELLITES
 A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and
amplifies radiotelecommunications signals via a transponder; it
creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and
a receiver at different locations on Earth. Communications satellites
are used for television, telephone, radio, internet,
and military applications
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
IN COMMUNICATION
STATELLITES
 Communications Satellites are usually composed of the following
subsystems:
 Communication Payload, normally composed of transponders, antennas,
and switching systems
 Engines used to bring the satellite to its desired orbital  station keeping
tracking and stabilization subsystem used to keep the satellite in the right
orbit, with its antennas pointed in the right direction, and its power system
pointed towards the sun
 Power subsystem, used to power the Satellite systems, normally composed
of solar cells, and batteries that maintain power during solar eclipse
 Command and Control subsystem, which maintains communications with
ground control stations. The ground control Earth stations monitor the
satellite performance and control its functionality during various phases of
its life-cycle.
COMMUNICATION
SATELLITES :-
NO 3) ROVER ON MARS –
CURIOSITY
 Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore the crater Gale on Mars
 as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL).
 Power source: Curiosity is powered by a radioisotope thermoelectric
generator(RTG), like the successful Viking 1 and Viking 2 Mars landers in
1976.[1][2]Radioisotope power systems (RPSs) are generators that produce
electricity from the decay of radioactive isotopes, such as plutonium-238,
which is a non-fissileisotope of plutonium. Heat given off by the decay of
this isotope is converted into electric voltage by thermocouples, providing
constant power during all seasons and through the day and night. Waste
heat is also used via pipes to warm systems, freeing electrical power for
the operation of the vehicle and instruments
COMMUNICATION OF
CURIOSITY
 Communications: Curiosity is equipped with significant telecommunication
redundancy by several means: an X band transmitter and receiver that can
communicate directly with Earth, and a UHF Electra-Lite software-defined
radio for communicating with Mars orbiters.[3] Communication with
orbiters is the main path for data return to Earth, since the orbiters have
both more power and larger antennas than the lander, allowing for faster
transmission speeds.[4]
CURIOSITY (MARS ROVER)
REFERENCE :-

  ”Mars Exploration: Radioisotope Power and Heating for Mars Surface Exploration”
[1]

 (PDF). NASA/JPL. April 18, 2006. RetrievedSeptember 7, 2009.

  ²Makovsky, ] ”Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG)” (PDF).
NASA/JPL. October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015.
Retrieved December 26, 2017.
 ³ Ilott, Peter; Taylor, Jim (November 2009). 
Mars Science Laboratory Telecommunications System Design  (PDF). DESCANSO
Design and Performance Summary Series. 14. NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
 ⁴Ilott, Peter; Taylor, Jim (November 2009). 
Mars Science Laboratory Telecommunications System Design  (PDF). DESCANSO
Design and Performance Summary Series. 14. NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory