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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

False. Rejecting the null hypothesis in ANOVA indicates there are significant differences between at least two groups, but not necessarily all groups. True. ANOVA is an extension of the two-sample t-test that allows comparison of more than two groups. True. Post hoc tests are used after ANOVA to identify specifically which group means are significantly different from each other.

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Ralph Kenneth Dayrit
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254 views

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

False. Rejecting the null hypothesis in ANOVA indicates there are significant differences between at least two groups, but not necessarily all groups. True. ANOVA is an extension of the two-sample t-test that allows comparison of more than two groups. True. Post hoc tests are used after ANOVA to identify specifically which group means are significantly different from each other.

Uploaded by

Ralph Kenneth Dayrit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of Variance

(ANOVA)
Bonifacio, Raquel D.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

 Allows researchers to compare to or more populations of


interval or ratio data.
 It is extremely powerful and commonly used statistical
procedure.
 The ANOVA technique determines whether differences exist
between population means.
One-Way Analysis of Variance
 One way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) procedures
produce an analysis for a quantitative dependent variable
affected by a single factor (independent variable).
 Analysis of variance is used to test the hypothesis that
several means are equal.
 This technique is an extension of the two-sample T test. Think
of it as a generalization of the pooled T test. Instead of two
populations (as in the case of a T test), there are more than
two populations or treatments.
Research Question
Which of the alloys tested would be appropriate for creating
an underwater sensor array?

To find the best alloy for an underwater sensor array, four different
types are tested for resistance to corrosion. Five plates of each
alloy are submerged for 60 days, after which the number of
corrosive pits on each plate is measured.

 Ho :The four alloys exhibit the same kind of behavior and are not different
from one another.
 H1 :The four alloys exhibit different kinds of behavior and are different from
one another.
One-Way ANOVA
Step 1. Open the Alloy.sav file.
Step 2. In Data View, click Analyze menu, point to Compare Means, and
then click One-Way ANOVA.
Step 3. In the One-Way ANOVA dialog box, select the pits variable in the left box
and move it to the Dependent List box.
Step 4. Select the Alloy [alloy] variable in the left box and move it to the Factor
box.
Step 5. Click the Options button.

Step 6. In the One-Way ANOVA:


Options dialog box, select
the Descriptive,
Homogeneity of
Variance, and Means plot
check
boxes.
Step 7. Click the Continue button.
Step 8. In the One-Way ANOVA dialog box, click the OK button. The Output
Viewer window opens (see Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3)

Figure 1 - ANOVA Descriptive Output


Figure 2 - Test of Homogeneity of Variances Output

Figure 3 - ANOVA Output


Analysis Results:

 Ho : Reject in favor of H1.


 H1 : The four alloys do not exhibit the same kind of
behavior. They are statistically different from one another.
Post Hoc Tests
are termed Posteriori Tests

In ANOVA, if the null hypothesis is rejected, then it is concluded


that there are differences between the means (µ1, µ2,…, µa). It is
useful to know specifically where these differences exist.

Post Hoc Testing identifies these differences. Multiple comparison


procedures look at all possible pairs of means and determine if
each individual pairing is the same or statistically different.

In an ANOVA with α treatments, there will be α*(α-1)/2 possible


unique pairings which could mean a large number of comparisons.
Research Question
Is the mean difference between alloy sets statistically
significant?

The next part of the analysis determines if the mean difference


between individual alloy sets is statistically significant.
Ho : µ0 = µ1… = µa
H1 : µ0 ≠ µ1… ≠ µa
Post Hoc Tests

Step 1. In Data View, click the Analyze menu, point to Compare Means,
then click One-Way ANOVA.
Step 2. In the One-Way ANOVA dialog box, click the Post Hoc button
(see Figure 4)

Figure 4 – One-Way ANOVA Dialog Box


Step 3. In the One-Way ANOVA: Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons
dialog box, select the LSD check box, and the click the Continue
button (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 – One-Way ANOVA: Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons dialog box

Step 4. In the One-Way ANOVA dialog box, click the OK button. The
Output Viewer window opens (see Figure 6 and Figure 7).
Figure 6 – Multiple Comparisons Output

Figure 7 –Means Plot


Analysis Results:

 Ho : Reject in favor of H1.


 H1 : At least one of the means is different.
Two-Way Analysis of Variance

 Two-Way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way anova. With Two-


Way ANOVA, two or more independent variables can be tested
instead of just one. Using multiple variables has two
advantages: increased efficiency and an increase in the result’s
statistical power.
Research Question
Will test anxiety and different teachers affect student
test scores?

 Ho : Test anxiety and teacher do not affect student test scores.


 H1 : Test anxiety and teacher do affect student test scores.
Two-Way ANOVA

Step 1. Open the Two-Way ANOVA.sav file


Step 2. In Data View, click the Analyze menu, point to General
Linear Model, and then click Univariate.

Step 3. In the Univariate dialog box, select the SCORE variable in


the left box and move it to the Dependent Variable box. (see
Figure 8)

Step 4. Select the ANXIETY and TEACHER variables in the left box
and move them to the Fixed Factor(s) box.

Step 5. Click the Options button.


Figure 8 – Univariate
Dialog Box

Step 6. In the Univariate:


Options dialog box, select the
Descriptive Statistics check
box, and then click the Continue
button. (see Figure 90

Figure 9 – Univariate:
Options Dialog Box
Step 7. In the Univariate dialog box, click the OK button. The Output Viewer
window opens (see Figure 10 and Figure 11).

Figure 10 – ANOVA Descriptive Statistics Figure 11 – Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Output


Output
Analysis Results:

 Ho : Reject in favor of H1 for Anxiety and the interaction


between Anxiety and Teacher (Anxiety*Teacher).
 H1 : Testing anxiety and teacher affect student test scores.
 True or False?: In rejecting an ANOVA null hypothesis, you are
saying there is a significant difference between all groups.
 This technique is an extension of the two-sample T test.
 True or False?: Post Hoc Testing identifies the differences between
the means.

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