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BSNL Training

The document summarizes a summer training held at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). It provides an overview of BSNL and the services it offers. It then describes some key aspects of telecommunication networks including telephone exchanges, the main distribution frame, network infrastructure, broadband technology, GSM network architecture, and temporary and permanent subscriber data.

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Niranjitha HV
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302 views25 pages

BSNL Training

The document summarizes a summer training held at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). It provides an overview of BSNL and the services it offers. It then describes some key aspects of telecommunication networks including telephone exchanges, the main distribution frame, network infrastructure, broadband technology, GSM network architecture, and temporary and permanent subscriber data.

Uploaded by

Niranjitha HV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUMMER TRAINING

HELD AT BSNL

Aditya Dandotia
091156
INTRODUCTION:
•Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (abbreviated BSNL)is
an Indian state owned telecommunications company
headquartered in New Delhi. It is the largest
provider of fixed telephony and fourth largest mobile
telephony provider in India, and is also a provider
of broadband services.
•Technological developments in the field of
telecommunication in India have been taking place
at much faster as per the global trend. Particularly
during last three years.
•There has been a major transformation in the
switching technology.
SERVICES
 Universal Telecom Services
 Cellular Mobile Telephone Services
 WLL-CDMA Telephone Services
 Internet
 Intelligent Network (IN)
 3G
 IPTV
 FTTH
 WiMax
OVERVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATION
Telephone is a telecommunication device that
is used to transmit and receive electronically or
digitally encoded speech between two or more
people conversing.
Telecommunication networks carry information
signals among entities , which are
geographically apart.
The telecommunication links and switching
were mainly designed for voice communication
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Telephone exchange is a hub to which all
subscribers are connected.
For smooth working of exchange following unit
are very important
1.Computer Unit
2.Power Supply
3.AC
4.MDF
Computer Unit: - it deals with additional services of the
exchange to the customers with the help of computers.

Power Plant:- to feed proper power supply to exchange

AC Plant: - to maintain the continuous temperature + or


– 2 degree Celsius to the digital switch (exchange).
MDF(MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME)
The fault of telephone number is removed in the
MDF; it is called as Fault Remove Section.
These testing are T.T.Y. testing, Group testing,
etc.
The telephone numbers are also disconnected in
the MDF because of some specific reason
ORGANISATION OF THE MDF PARTS:-
Horizontal side
Vertical side
HORIZONTAL SIDE
It is subdivided into two parts
Exchange side
Line side
Description of the horizontal side:-
Rack-On the rack, the tags are situated. One
rack is having eight tags.
WEDGE:-If we want to disconnect any two
numbers then we insert a wedge between
subscriber side and exchange side. Here wedge
works as insulator made of plastic.
VERTICAL SIDE
The vertical side connected to the underground cable.
This cable is having 100 pairs.
These pair is distributed when we allot the telephone
number to the subscriber.
Vertical side is again subdivided in two parts:
One part is connected with the horizontal side and
another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair
underground cable.
NIB(NETWORK INTERNET BACKBONE)
Networking is a key component of any Internet
Services Provider (ISP) operations.
The Internet Backbone refers to the principal
data routes between large, strategically
interconnected networks and core routers in the
Internet.
BASIC BLOCKS OF NIB
1.MDF 2.Router 3.DSLAM 4.BNG

 
DSLAM (DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ACCESS
MULTIPLEXER)
 Maximum capacity of each DSLAM is 480
kbps
 Minimum capacity of each DSLAM is 120
kbps
 480 kbps DSLAM has 16 cards, each card
has 48pairs of broad band customers
 One end of the DSLAM is connected to MDF
through the cables which are filled
PULSE CODE MODULATION(PCM)
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) converts
analog signals to a digital format(signal).This
process has four major steps.
1.Filtering
2.Sampling
3.Quantizing
4.Encoding
OPTICAL FIBRE
The latest technology that we use today is
optical fibre communication system.
In this system sound energy is converted to
light which is transmitted over optical fibres.
This has 99% efficiency.
The fibre is made up of borosilicate glass.
ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICS :

Fibre Optics has the following advantages :


• SPEED: Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds
- up into the gigabits
• BANDWIDTH: large carrying capacity
• DISTANCE: Signals can be transmitted further
without needing to be "refreshed" or strengthened.
• RESISTANCE: Greater resistance to
electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors or
other nearby cables.
• MAINTENANCE: Fiber optic cables costs much less
to maintain.
OVERVIEW OF BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY

Broadband is the nonspecific term for high-


speed digital Internet access.
Communication of data with different
throughput is feasible by following
technologies:
 Narrow Band

2.4Kbps – 128Kbps.
 Broadband

256Kbps – 8000Kbps.
 LAN

1000 – 100Mbps.
Broadband communication technology can be divided
broadly in to categories:
 Wire line Technology.

 Wireless Technology.

Wireline Technologies include:


 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on copper
loop.
 Optical Fibre Technologies.
 Cable TV Networks.
 PLC (power line communication).
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE:
 Satellite Media
 Terrestrial Wireless
 3G Mobile
 Wi-Fi (wireless Fidelity)
 Wi Max.
 FSO (free space optics).
GSM
Network and switching subsystem
 NSS is the main component of the public mobile network GSM
 switching, mobility management, interconnection to other networks,
system control
 Components
 Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
controls all connections via a separated network to/from a mobile
terminal within the domain of the MSC - several BSC can belong to a
MSC
 Databases (important: scalability, high capacity, low delay)
 Home Location Register (HLR)
central master database containing user data, permanent and
semi-permanent data of all subscribers assigned to the HLR (one
provider can have several HLRs)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
local database for a subset of user data, including data about all
user currently in the domain of the VLR
GSM : (SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE)

This system structured hierarchically as shown:


 
 It consist of one administrative region, which is assigned to

a MSC(Mobile Switching Center).


 Each administrative Region is made up of atleast one

Location Area(LA). LA is also called the visited area.


 An LA consists of several cell groups.

 Each cell group is assigned to a base station controller(BSC).

 Cells of one BSC may belong to different LA’s.


OPERATION SUBSYSTEM
 The OSS (Operation Subsystem) enables centralized operation,
management, and maintenance of all GSM subsystems
 Components
 Authentication Center (AUC)
 generates user specific authentication parameters on request
of a VLR
 authentication parameters used for authentication of mobile
terminals and encryption of user data on the air interface within
the GSM system
 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 registers GSM mobile stations and user rights
 stolen or malfunctioning mobile stations can be locked and
sometimes even localized
 Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC)
 different control capabilities for the radio subsystem and the
network subsystem
TEMPORARY DATA
PERMANENT DATA
- Temporary Subscriber Identity Permanent
Subscriber Identity
- Current Location
Key/Algorithm for Authentication.
- Ciphering Data

Provides access to the GSM n/w


Consists of
Mobile equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
THE GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
 Time division multiple access-TDMA
 124 radio carriers, inter carrier spacing
200khz.
 890 to 915mhz mobile to base - UPLINK
 935 to 960mhz base to mobile -
DOWNLINK
 8 channels/carrier
 GSM combines FDM and TDM:
bandwidth is subdivided into channels
of 200khz, shared by up to eight
stations, assigning slots for
transmission on demand.
Thank
you

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