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Physics 1: Knowledge of Nature. The Study of The Basic Principles That Govern The Physical World Around Us

The document provides information about various physics concepts including: - Newton's laws of motion and universal law of gravitation. - Concepts of work, energy, power, momentum, impulse, friction, periodic motion, and Doppler effect. - Example problems are given to demonstrate applications of these concepts.

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John Larrence Carpio Origenes
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96 views

Physics 1: Knowledge of Nature. The Study of The Basic Principles That Govern The Physical World Around Us

The document provides information about various physics concepts including: - Newton's laws of motion and universal law of gravitation. - Concepts of work, energy, power, momentum, impulse, friction, periodic motion, and Doppler effect. - Example problems are given to demonstrate applications of these concepts.

Uploaded by

John Larrence Carpio Origenes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS 1

Knowledge of nature.
The study of the basic principles that govern the physical world around us.
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
 Unit of Force is named in honor of
him (N)
 Observed that sunlight is made up
of different colors (spectrum of
light)
 Created the Laws of Motion
 Proposed the idea of Gravitation
 Invented a new form of
Mathematics: Calculus
FORCE
PUSH OR PULL ON A BODY.
IT IS A VECTOR QUANTITY.

Units:
 SI: N
 CGS: dyne
 English: Lbf
Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia)
 
“Every

object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a
straight line unless compelled to change its state by the
action of an external force.”

a = 0, v = constant
Newton’s Second Law
(Law of Acceleration)
 
The force F is the product of an object's

mass and its acceleration a.

For a free-falling body, use g.


Newton’s Third Law
(Law of Reaction)
 
For every action, there is an equal and

opposite reaction.
MASS VS.
WEIGHT It is a force.
Dependent to
It is the measure of
mass and the
inertia of an object. le ra t i on due
a c c e
to gravity g.
EXAMPLE 1
A 5.5 kg block is initially at rest on a
frictionless horizontal surface. It is pulled with
a constant horizontal force of 3.8 N. How long
must it be pulled before its speed is 5.2 m/s?
a. 2.5 s
b. 5.0 s
c. 7.5 s
d. 10.0 s
Law of Universal Gravitation
  
Gravity is a force of attraction between two bodies and
this is very much dependent on the mass.

“The attractive gravitational force between two masses is


directly proportional to the product of the two masses and
inversely proportional to the square distance between
them.”
EXAMPLE 2
Determine the force of gravitational
attraction between the earth (m = 5.98 x
1024kg) and a 70-kg physics student if the
student is standing at sea level, a distance
of 6.38 x 106 m from earth's center.
WORK, ENERGY & POWER
Work and Energy
are two physical
concepts that are
closely related to
each other.
Energy-the
capacity to do
work.
The product of the force applied to

WORK an object and the displacement


through which the force acts on the
object.

  

Note: F AND D SHOULD BE PARALLEL.


ENERGY the capacity to do work

 
POTENTIAL ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY
TOTAL MECHANICAL ENERGY =

PE + KE
WORK-ENERGY THEOREM
The work done on a body by a net force changes
the energy of a body.

𝑊 =△ 𝐾𝐸 =△ 𝑃𝐸
 
POWER
Rate at which work is done or rate at which
energy is expended.

𝑊
 

𝑃=
𝑡
EXAMPLE 3
A car of mass 1500 kg accelerates from
rest at 5 m/s2 for 5 s on a straight road.
What is the minimum power needed for
the engine to achieve the task?
EXAMPLE 4
The elevator at a building is powered by an
electric motor with an output of 10 kW.
Determine the minimum time required for it to
rise the 18m from ground floor to roof deck, if
the total mass of the loaded elevator is 800 kg.
a. 13.22 sec
b. 14.13 sec
c. 15.68 sec
d. 16.80 sec
FRICTION
A FORCE
THAT TENDS
TO OPPOSE
MOTION OR
IMPENDING
MOTION.
STATIC FRICTION
It is friction that is acting between
surfaces at rest.

𝐹 𝑠=𝜇 𝑠 𝑁
 

 
=normal force
=coefficient of static friction
KINETIC FRICTION
It is friction that is acting between surfaces that are
in relative motion. Also called sliding friction.

𝐹 𝑘 =𝜇 𝑘 𝑁
 

 
=normal force
=coefficient of kinetic friction
IMPULSE & MOMENTUM
MOMENTUM is the product of mass and velocity
 
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚= 𝑝=𝑚𝑣
IMPULSE is the product of force and time, and is
also defined as the change in momentum.
 
EXAMPLE 5
Tiger Woods hit a golf ball at a velocity of 80
m/s. the head of his club was in contact with
the 50g ball for 0.40 ms. What is the average
force acting on the golf ball during impact?
a. 25 kN
b. 20 kN
c. 10 kN
d. 15 kN
ELASTIC COLLISION
Collision of two
bodies in which
kinetic energy
and momentum
are both
conserved.
INELASTIC COLLISION
Collision of two
bodies in which
only the
momentum is
conserved, but
not the kinetic
energy.
COEFFICIENT OF
RESTITUTION
It is the negative ratio of the relative velocity after
collision to the relative velocity before collision; it is
a property that defines the degree of inelasticity of a
collision.
  𝑣2 𝐴 − 𝑣2𝐵
𝑒=
𝑣1 𝐴 − 𝑣1𝐵

If e = 1, the collision is perfectly elastic.


If e = 0, the collision is perfectly inelastic.
COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION

For bouncing objects,

 
h𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑒=
√
h 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
EXAMPLE 6
A rubber ball is dropped to the floor from a
height of 3m. It rebounds to a height of
1.8m. What is the coefficient of restitution?
a. 0.625
b. 0.825
c. 0.665
d. 0.775
PERIODIC MOTION:
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
It is the motion
of an object
that regularly
repeats – the
object returns
to the given
position after a
fixed time
interval.
MASS – SPRING SYSTEM
  
THE DOPPLER EFFECT
It is the apparent
change in
frequency of a
wave due to
relative motion
between the
source and the
observer.
THE DOPPLER EFFECT
 
Toward,

Away,
EXAMPLE 7
A train moving at 20 m/s sounds a horn with
frequency of 200 Hz.
Assuming that the speed of sound is 340 m/s,
what is the frequency of the sound heard by:
a) a person standing still with the train moving
toward them?
b) a person standing still with the train moving
away from them?
The kilowatt-hour is a unit of ________________.

a.Work
b.Energy
c.Power
d.Work or energy
The unit N-m/s is a unit of ____________.

a.Work
b.Force
c.Power
d.energy
One horsepower is equivalent to how
many watts?

a.550
b.746
c.33,000
d.250
How many dynes are there in one
newton?

a.10,000
b.100,000
c.1,000,000
d.1,000
What is TRUE between kinetic friction and static
friction?

a.Kinetic friction is always equal to static friction


b.Kinetic friction is always less than static
friction.
c.Kinetic friction is always greater than static
friction.
d.Kinetic friction is always equal to or greater
than static friction.
What is another term for kinetic
friction?

a.Dynamic friction
b.Starting friction
c.Sliding friction
d.All of the above
What will happen to the kinetic energy of
a body if its linear momentum is doubled?

a.It will increase four times.


b.It will decrease four times.
c.It will double.
d.It will become half the value.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
1. A car starts from rest and has a constant
acceleration of 3ft/s2 . Find the average velocity
during the first 10 seconds of motion.
a. 13ft/s b. 15ft/s c. 14ft/s d. 12ft/s

2. A train changes its speed uniformly from 60mph to


30mph in a distance of 1500ft. What is the
acceleration? (1mi = 5280 ft)
a. -1.94 ft/s2 b. 2.04 ft/s2 c. -2.04ft/s2 d. 1.94ft/s2
3. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the ground
and a student gazing out of the window sees it
moving upward pass him at 5m/s. the window is 10m
above the ground. How high does the ball go above
the ground?
a. 15.25m b. 14.87 m c. 9.97m d. 11.30m

4. A ball is dropped from a height of 60 meters above


ground. How long does it take to hit the ground?
a. 2.1s b. 3.5s c. 5.5s d. 1.3s

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