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Number Systems1

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, and hexadecimal. It provides details on converting between these number systems using methods like dividing decimal numbers by the base to get the place values in binary, or multiplying the place values and corresponding digits to convert binary to decimal. Examples are given of converting specific numbers between the different bases.

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Ranjana Ravindra Kumar
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136 views52 pages

Number Systems1

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, and hexadecimal. It provides details on converting between these number systems using methods like dividing decimal numbers by the base to get the place values in binary, or multiplying the place values and corresponding digits to convert binary to decimal. Examples are given of converting specific numbers between the different bases.

Uploaded by

Ranjana Ravindra Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems

Different number systems


Representation of numbers in binary
Conversion between decimal and binary,
Conversion between binary to decimal
Conversion between binary and hexadecimal
Use of subscripts 2, 10 and 16 for bases
Number Systems
Decimal number system – Base
10 = 1, 2 ,3 4, 5, ect..

Binary number system –Base 2 =


0001, 0010, 0011, ect…

Hexadecimal number system =


Base 16 = 9, A, B, 4C ect…
Why Number System ?
Number system helps to represent
numbers in a small symbol set.
Computers, in general, use binary
numbers 0 and 1 to keep the
calculations simple and to keep the
amount of necessary circuitry less
which results in the least amount
of space, energy consumption, and
cost.
Types of number system
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Octal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Decimal Number Systems
Decimal numbers are base 10

They are made up of 10 numbers


– 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Combining the ten numbers will
create units, tens, hundreds and
thousands
Hundreds Tens Units
341
102 101 100
300 40 1
300 + 40 +1 = 341
Split the following decimal
numbers
Hundreds Tens Units

550

Hundreds Tens Units

982
Answers
Hundreds Tens Units
550
102 101 100
500 50 0
500 + 50 + 0 = 55010

Hundreds Tens Units


982
102 101 100
900 80 2
900 + 80 + 2 = 98210
In a number the right most digit
is known as Least Significant
Digit (LSB) and the left most digit
is called Most Significant Digit
(MSB)
Eg : 56789
here 5 is MSB and 9 is LSB
Binary Number System
Binary numbers are base 2
Computer language
They are made up of 2 numbers –
1 and 0
Decimal Binary Decimal Binary
010 02 510 1012
110 12 610 1102
210 102 710 1112
310 112 810 10002
410 1002 910 10012
Octal Number Systems
Octal numbers are base 8
computer applications
They are made up of 8 numbers i.e. 0 to 7
Decimal Octal Decimal Octal
010 08 410 48
110 18 510 58
210 28 610 68
310 38 710 78
Hexadecimal Number
Systems
Hexadecimal numbers are base
16
Computer memory locations
They are made up of 16 numbers
Decimal Hex Decimal Hex Decimal Hex Decimal Hex
010 016 510 516 1010 A16 1510 F16
110 116 610 616 1110 B16
210 216 710 716 1210 C16
310 316 810 816 1310 D16
410 416 910 916 1410 E16
Importance of Base
numbers
Writingthe base numbers is very
important as;

◦ 1510 and 1516 are not the same


number but without the base they
would be both considered as the
same number

◦ 1010 and 102 are not the same


number as 102 represents 210
Complete the table
Number Number System
2010
2A16
10101012
62318
10110
1516
11100011
12
3278
Answers
Number Number System
2010 Decimal
2A16 Hexadecimal
10101012 Binary
62318 Octal
10110 Decimal
1516 Hexadecimal
11100011 Binary
12
3278 Octal
Converting
Decimal to Binary
Method:
Divide the original number by 2
and write down the remainder
even if it is 0

Keepon dividing the decimal


numbers by 2 until 1 is divided by
2

Write down the remainders next


to each other starting from the
Example
LSB
Convert 4610 to binary
46 / 2 = 23 r 0
23 / 2 = 11 r 1
11 / 2 = 5 r 1
5 / 2 = 2 r 1
2 / 2 = 1 r 0
1 / 2 = 0 r 1
MSB

Ans  4610 = 1011102


Working
Convert the following decimal
numbers to binary
1. 1010
2. 6610
3. 12010
4. 3510
5. 8810
Answers
Convert the following decimal
numbers to binary
1. 1010 = 10102
2. 6610 = 10000102
3. 12010 = 11110002
4. 3510 = 1000112
5. 8810 = 10110002
Converting
Binary to Decimal
Explanation
1. Write down the placement value
on top of each number.
24 23 22 21 20
16 8 4 2 1

2. Write the values that are on (the


ones with a one under them

3. Add the numbers together


Example
We want to convert 110012 to
decimal
24 23 22 21 20
1 1 0 0 1
16 8 4 2 1
16 8 1
16 + 8 + 1
25
Explanation
1. Multiply each binary number
with its positional value, which
in terms of power of 2 staring
from the extreme right
2. Increment power by 1.
3. Add the numbers together
Example
(101101)2 in decimal is
= 1 x 2 5 + 0 x 2 4 + 1 x 23 + 1 x 2 2 + 0 x 2 1
+ 1 x 20
= 1 x 32 + 0 x 16 + 1 x 8 + 1 x 4 + 0 x 2 +
1x1
= 32 + 8 + 4 + 1
= (45)10
Working
Convert the following to decimal

1. 1010102
2. 1110112
3. 101010012
4. 0011001112
5. 1110101002
Answers
Convert the following to decimal

1. 1010102 = 4210
2. 1110112 = 5910
3. 101010012 = 16910
4. 0011001112 = 10310
5. 1110101002 = 46810
Converting
Octal to Binary
Converting
Octal to Decimal
Explanation
To convert octal to decimal, we multiply the
digits of octal number with decreasing power of
the base number 8, starting from MSB to LSB
and then add them all together.
Example : Convert 4228 to decimal
number.
Solution: Given, 4228
2 x 82 +2 x 81 + 2 x 80
= 128+16 + 2
= 146
Therefore, 4228 = 14610
Converting
Binary to Hexadecimal
Explanation
Split the binary number into
groups of 4
1001110 = 0100 – 1110
Write the 2x on top of each
number starting from the right
Add the numbers that are on
Write down the0 totals,
1 0 0if a1total
1 1is0
larger than 9, convert
2 2 21 2it 2 2 2 2
NOTE: when we do
to the hex letter
not have enough bits
3 2 0 3 2 1 0

lefts to create a 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
group of 4 we add 0s
4 14
Example
Convert 11001112 in
Hexadecinal
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

23 22 21 20 23 22 21 20

8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1

6 7

6716
Working
Convertthe following into
Hexadecimal

1. 1110101002
2. 11101112
3. 1010102
4. 1112
5. 11100012
Working
Convertthe following into
Hexadecimal

1. 1110101002 = 1D416
2. 11101112 = 7716
3. 1010102 = 2A16
4. 1112 = 716
5. 11100012 = 7116
Converting
Hexadecimal to Binary
Explanation
1. Write each individual number in
the hexadecimal number e.g.
B416
2. Write the binary placement
values for each hex number
3. List 1s under Bthe placement 4
= 11
values
4. Write thethat2are
22 on
21 2 23 22 21 2
3 0 0
split binary
number as 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
one whole 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Example
Convert 2C16 to binary

2 C = 12
23 22 21 20 23 22 21 20
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
001011002
Working
Convertthe following hex
numbers to binary

1. AB16
2. F716
3. 1516
4. CC16
5. 2216
Answers
Convertthe following hex
numbers to binary

1. AB16 = 101010112
2. F716 = 111101112
3. 1516 = 000101012
4. CC16 = 110011002
5. 2216 = 001000102
Converting
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Method One
Dividethe decimal number by 16
taking note of the remainders
Keep on dividing the whole
number by 16 until the whole
number obtained is 0.
Write down the remainders next
to each other starting from the
46 /bottom,
16 = 29changing
r 1 numbers
5 greater than 9 to letters
ANS = 1D116
29 / 16 = 1 r 13
1 / 16 = 0 r 1
Example
Convert 80010 to hexadecimal

80 / 16 = 50 r 0
0
50 / 16 = 3 r 2
3 / 16 = 0 r 3

ANS = 32016
Method Two
1. Convert the decimal number to
binary
2. Convert the binary number to
hexadecimal
Eg, changing 45610 to hexadecimal
Example
Convert 80010 to hexadecimal
51 25 12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2 6 8
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
512 + 256 + 32 = 800
80010 = 11001000002
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
23 22 21 20 23 22 2 20 23 22 21 20
1

8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
3 2 0
Working
Convert the following to
Hexadecimal numbers
1. 34010
2. 11910
3. 6610
4. 2510
5. 11110
Answers
Convert the following to
Hexadecimal numbers
1. 34010 = 15416
2. 11910 = 7716
3. 6610 = 4216
4. 2510 = 1916
5. 11110 = 6F16
Converting
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Explanation
Writing down the placement
values on top of each number
starting with 160
Multiply the top value with the
hexadecimal number.
Add all the results
16 2
16 1
16 0

256 16 1
Converting
4 3 A
43A16 to
(256x4) (16x3) (1x10)
decimal 1024 48 10
=1024+48+10
=108210
Working
Convert the following into
decimal

1. 5516
2. CB16
3. F816
4. B416
5. 9016
Answers
Convert the following into
decimal

1. 5516 = 8510
2. B016 = 17610
3. 2F816 = 76010
4. B416 = 18010
5. 9016 = 14410
Homework
Copy and complete this table
Decimal Binary Hexadecim
al
2110
1010101002
2E16
15910
001110002
1C216
44

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