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PRESENTATION PPT - REACTION PAPER Final

1) The article discusses majority and minority language planning in Brunei Darussalam, where Standard Malay and English are the official languages but several minority languages are also spoken. 2) It outlines the types of language planning undertaken, focusing more on official planning of Standard Malay and English rather than minority languages. 3) The article concludes that while promoting Standard Malay and English is important, more should be done to maintain minority languages to preserve cultural heritage and diversity.

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Hamizatul Hamiza Zainon
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194 views17 pages

PRESENTATION PPT - REACTION PAPER Final

1) The article discusses majority and minority language planning in Brunei Darussalam, where Standard Malay and English are the official languages but several minority languages are also spoken. 2) It outlines the types of language planning undertaken, focusing more on official planning of Standard Malay and English rather than minority languages. 3) The article concludes that while promoting Standard Malay and English is important, more should be done to maintain minority languages to preserve cultural heritage and diversity.

Uploaded by

Hamizatul Hamiza Zainon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REACTION PAPER:

MAJORITY AND MINORITY


LANGUAGE PLANNING IN
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
By:
Siti Rafidah binti Kamsin P99385
Auni Najwa binti Azman P99312
Noor Syahira binti Noor Mayadi P99368
Hamizatul Hamiza binti Zainon P99336
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

◼INTRODUCTION
 a small Islamic Sultanate
 Standard Malay is  the official language while English is the de facto
other National Language
 Ten minority languages spoken by the locals
 there are also varieties of Chinese dialects spoken by the Chinese
population 
 However, English is the most popular and rapidly expanding in Brunei
 Standard Malay is not really used in daily life of Bruneian aside from
state administration and to understand official sources of information
 Some minority languages are highly endangered, like Belait, while
others are not doing very well, with fewer and fewer young people
speaking them
 A language survey by Peter Martin (1990&1992)  shows that instead of
using their own languages, 63% of Tutong parents, 72% of Dusun
parents and 90% of Belait parents are using Brunei Malay in their
communication with their children
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

◼THE LANGUAGE PLANNING


 There are two types of language planning. 
 The first type is usually carried out by official institution and
often deals about the official state language
 The second type is is carried out by private institution which
is more concerned on minority or regional languages
 There’s no single agency in Brunei responsible for language
planning or for coordinating language planning activities
across the country. 
 However, Ministry of Education, the Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka Brunei (Institute of Language and Literature of
Brunei) and Radio Television Brunei carry out activities that
can be considered as pertaining to the sphere of language
planning
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

◼CORPUS PLANNING
 Only a few corpus planning activities are being done in Brunei
because both Standard Malay and English are already
developed languages and widely accepted.
 Some corpus planning on Malay lexicon has been carried out
in Brunei
 Other languages such as Mandarin, Iban and Lun Bawang
have undergone a certain degree of standardisation in
Sarawak
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

◼STATUS PLANNING
 Official institutions only targeted on Standard Malay and English
 Some status planning for Standard Malay and English languages are
publication of books and literature such as official government paper
and daily newspaper and broadcasting on television and radio
 For minority languages such as Mandarin, there are daily radio
programmes and Brunei Malay are informally spoken in talk shows or
TV series.
 Some minority broadcast programmes by Radio Television Brunei are
produced in Malaysia and other Chinese speaking countries. 
 Others such as CDs, DVDs, printed materials such as books and
newspaper in Chinese, Iban and Lun Bawang are taken from
neighbouring countries like Malaysia.
 The usage of internet also helps to give visibility to minority languages
by creating a Facebook group and also a blog. 
 Posters are being placed around the county to encourage people to
speak Malay.
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

◼THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE


 It’s very important for the visibility of the language
 Are dominated by Standard Malay and English, both in Roman
characters and Jawi. The usage of Jawi in public and private
signs is probably because it is compulsory in Brunei as stated
in a circular issued on 19 July 1988.
 Standard Malay and English are often used as the language of
public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place
names, commercial shop signs and public signs on
government buildings.
 As for Chinese languages, it can be present in the local
linguistic languages because of the initiative of Chinese who
and business owners.
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

ACQUISITION PLANNING
- 3 of the languages of Brunei are present at all levels of education;
Standard Malay, English and Mandarin Chinese.
- English becomes more important as pupils progress along their
educational passage. For example, more subjects are taught in English in
secondary schools.

 USE OF STUDENTS' FIRST LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION


- Students do not use their first language in school; Brunei Malay. But
since Brunei Malay is not used in written domain, it is difficult to be used
in formal situations.
- Children in Brunei have to start schooling using 2 languages (Standard
Malay and English) which they have had only some passive contact
through the mass media, in most cases they have never spoken.
- Dwibahasa/Bilingual system in Brunei is a failure, one reason may be
the children's first language is not taken into consideration when he/she
begins school.
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

 THE FUTURE OF BRUNEIAN EDUCATION

- The education system in Brunei is going to the opposite direction,


whereby it should start education with the child's first language but
not done that way.
- There is an increase in the overall number of subjects taught using
English
- About half of all subjects in primary school will be taught in English
and Standard Malay
- These changes are unlikely to improve overall performance of
English and Standard Malay
- Many academics and experts have criticised the direction taken by
the education system
OVERVIEW / SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

- Due to over-emphasis on English is that the National language,


Standard Malay gets fewer chances of being further modernised
i.e. of developing the styles and lexican to become a full-fledged
language on a par with the other big languages in the world
- 2 linguistic myths of one country/one culture/one language in
Brunei:
i) holds Malay up as the national language unifying the country
ii) supports English as a path to modernity, wealth and economic
success
CONCLUSIONS
1. Majority language planning in Brunei, i.e language planning
for Standard Malay and English, is strongly supported by the
State, unlike the other minority languages except for Mandarin
Chinese by the Chinese.
OVERVIEW/SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

2. The Bruneians should be able to speak Standard Malay and


English well is a comprehensive objective, but this should be
attained in an effective way so as not necessarily to render
likely the demise of other languages in Brunei, a rich and
irresplaceable heritage.

3. As far as language planning is concerned, the point is not only


that children learn better when they can use their mother
tongue, but also that maintaining minority languages has other
advantages.

4. Reasons why minority languages should be maintained and


promoted in Brunei:
i) respect should be given to the linguistic rights of those people
for whom they are still their first language.
OVERVIEW/SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE

ii)the disappearance of a language means the disappearance of the


invaluable culture sustained and transmitted by it.

iii) linguistic diversity is as important for our well-being as


'biodiversity' is for the well-being and sound balance of the world we
live in.

iv) language diversity could be an economic asset as well, particularly


in the tourist field.

- Corpus Planning needs to be carried out in Brunei, as the fact that a


minority language is written down in books and on signs, is used by
artists and important persons and is a school subject may have
positive effects on its status as well and further help its maintenance.
THE STRENGTHS OF THE ARTICLE

The topic was well organized and follow the order


o good title - Majority and Minority Language Planning in
Brunei Darussalam
o The abstract – informative abstract
o overview of the background study – well orderly
presented
o Literature Review – described on the linguistic landscape
of Brunei (briefly explained)
o Discuss the advantages of education and the future
expectation after the introduction of the new education
reform – SPN21.
o Good closing of intro – general remarks (the importance
of maintaining minority language & suggestions can be
taken onwards).
THE STRENGTHS OF THE ARTICLE

INTRODUCTION:
Good introduction – briefly explained on the majority
(the Malay language and all the dialects) and minority
language spoken in Brunei e.g.: the varieties of
minority language and dialects such as Chinese,
Austronesian
CONTENTS:
The linguistic repertoire is well-presented in Table 1
and the vitality rate for minority language is in Table 2
Briefly explained on the terms for language planning
(which taken from previous studies and well-cited too)
e.g.: acquisition planning, language planning, corpus
planning, etc.
THE STRENGTH OF THE ARTICLE

CONCLUSION:
Conclude the overall parts in the article.
Some suggestions on maintaining the minority
languages were well-presented and explained in this
part – 4 reasons indicated:
1. Respect should be given to the linguistic rights of these
people for whom they are still in their first languages.
2. The perseverance of the authentic language should be in top.
3. Linguistic diversity – as a source of both stability and further
evolution.
4. As a natural tourist attraction – minority language speakers
could be one of the economic asset for the history-tourism in
the country.
SHORTCOMINGS OF THE ARTICLE

The overall article is too long


No gap between the introduction and previous
studies.

“Section headings will give a good insight into


supporting points given for an argument”
- Sarah Cowpertwait, Extramural Learning Advisor,
Student Learning Centre,
Massey University, Auckland, 2004
SHORTCOMINGS OF THE ARTICLE

Inadequate of unfocused topic sentence was found


in the 2 n d paragraph of the introduction – not clearly
stated topic sentence as well as the specific details
to proceed to the next paragraph.

“From start to finish the paper should follow a consistent


progression leading coherently to a reasonable, well
thought out conclusion”. – How To Structure An Essay:
Avoiding Six Major Weaknesses In Papers
Resource:
http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/style
_purpose_strategy/weaknesses.html
THANK YOU!!

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