Determinin

g
Appropriat
e
Instruction
al Materials
and Tools
OBJECTIVES:

1. Determine the appropriate

instructional materials and tool.

2. Recognize the different

instructional materials.
TOPICS:
Different types of Instructional
Materials and tools

• Realia and Realia Representations

• Sound and Visual Resources
• Projector , Viewers, Players and
Recorders
• Pictures and Pictorial
Representations
• Symbolic and Graphic
Representations
• Resources of Media
 Different types of
Instructional Materials and
tools
 Realia

• In education, realia are objects from real

life used in classroom instruction by
educators to improve students'
understanding of other cultures and real-life
situations.
 Realia

• Realia is a term for real things,

concrete objects that are used in the
classroom to built background knowledge and
vocabulary. Realia is used to provide
experiences on which to build and provide
students with opportunities to use all the
senses in learning
 Example

Animal finger Globe

Puppet
 Example

Toy Clock Show and Tell

 Example

Lung model Solar system Model

 Example

Volcano eruption
Play Money
experiment
• The use of realia brings a welcome change in
the class and break from typical class
activities like reading and writing.

• Students have the chance to practice real life

situations

• Also realia is used to provide experiences to

build and to provide students with
opppurtinities to use all the senses in
learning.
Realia allow students to:
Representation
of Realia
Miniature

Miniature
object are
usually
considered first
as ritual
objects, as
substitute for
larger items.
Ways to use Realia in Teaching

• “When I Grow Up’’ Activity

• Role Play Activities ( To make
situation more realistic)
• Ask students to bring their own
realia (Ask them to several items
that represents –them).
Audio/ Visual Resources
 Audio/ Visual
Resources

• Are those materials which do not depend solely upon

reading to convey meaning and present information
through the sense of hearing as audio resources or
through a combination of both senses.
 Audio/ Visual
Resources

• Audio Visual Aids are also called instructional

material. Audio literally means “hearing” and
“visual” means that which is found by seeing.
So all such aids, which endeavor to make the
knowledge clear to us through our sense are
called “Audio Visual Aids” or Instructional
Materials.
 

Types of Audio Visual

Resources
Audio-aids can be defined as models and
devices that can be heard and give an image
of something, somebody and some situations.
Also known as spoken information.
 RADIO AUDIO TAPE RECORDER

The radio broadcast Is a sound recording and

of an actual event reproduction device that
may often be records and plays back
likened to a sounds
televised broadcast
minus its visual
dimension
Visual aids 
Are items of a visual manner, such as
graphs, photographs, video clips etc used in
addition to spoken information
 LAPTOPS COMPUTER

Using laptops in Computers have made

classrooms will help it easier for teachers to
the students to vary their instructional
learn to type quickly delivery
and accurately,
they can record
notes much faster
than writing by
hand.
 WHITE BOARDS TEXTBOOKS

A whiteboard freq a textbook is
uently is used in a book used for the
classrooms, study of a subject. People
meeting rooms and use a textbook to learn
boardrooms facts and methods about
a certain subject. 
 PROJECTORS FLASH CARDS

A projector or A card containing a small

image projector is amount of information,
an optical device held up for students to
that projects an see, as an aid to
image (or moving learning. 
images) onto a
surface, commonly
a projection screen.
 PRINTED MATERIALS SMART BOARDS

Refers to any publication, A SMART Board is one

document, or record brand of interactive
including, but not limited whiteboard. The
to, the following: projector displays what is
newspapers, magazines, open on the computer.
books, photographs, SMART Board is a touch
drawings, pre recorded screen, which allows you
magnetic audio tape to manipulate anything on
Audio- visual aids
 are instructional devices which are used to
communicate messages more effectively through sound
and visuals. Audio-visual aids help in stimulating the
sensory organs like ears and eyes and facilitate quick
comprehension of the message by the audience
 
 TV PROJECTOR COMPUTERS

Users can connect A computer is an
the projector directly to electronic device that
the TV by using an HDMI manipulates information,
cable. or data. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and
process data.
 VCD PLAYER VIDEOS

Short for Video Compact Visual multimedia source

Disc VCD is a CD (CD-R or that combines a sequence
CD-RW) that contains of images to form a
moving pictures and sound. moving picture.
The video transmits a
signal to a screen and
processes the order in
which the screen captures
 

Microcomputer Resources

Microcomputer
• A microcomputer is a computer with a central
processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor. Designed
for individual use, a microcomputer is smaller than a
mainframe or a minicomputer
Different types of Micro
computers

Desktop Laptop
Microcomputer in the Classroom

A classroom computer can be defined as

any electronic device that allows students to
access the Internet to research, create, and
complete work. This means that a laptop or
tablet can also be categorized as a classroom
computer.
 
 Advantages

• The ability to provide more engaging activities

for students
• Allows creation of a wider variety of
individualized and differentiated lessons.
Students can find many different ways to
solve a certain problem given to them.
Through computer and internet, they can
interact with people having same issues and
can learn from each other. 
Picture and Pictorial
Representation
-Also called as pictorial
media
 These are the
Flat pictures
representations of
the object or thing
on a flat surface .
They are the
cheapest and the
most readily
available of all
learning materials .
Teachers can gather
pictures from
magazines ,
newspaper,
advertisement ,
 Photographs

Are also still

pictures, which can
be mounted or un
mounted
photographic
reproductions taken
form a magazines
newspapers or
books
 Illustration

Are non
-photographic
reconstruction of
representation of
reality, etched or
drawn by an
illustrator, the
teacher or the
students
themselves.
Symbolic and Graphical
Representations
Symbolic Representations

-A written character or mark used to

represent something, a letter or a
sign conventionally standing for
some object, process etc.
ZODIAC SIGNS CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Graphical Representations

-Is a visual display of data using plots and charts . It is

used in many academic and professional discipline
but most widely so in the fields of mathematics,
medicine and science.
DOTS BAR GRAPHS
LINE GRAPH CIRCLE GRAPH
 Resources of Media

-Media are the communication outlets or tools

used to store and deliver information or data.
The term refers to components of the mass
media communications industry, such as print
media, publishing, the news media,
photography, cinema, broadcasting, and
advertising
Types of
Media
News Media

The news media or

news industry are
forms of mass media
that focus on
delivering news to the
general public or a
target public.
Types of
Media
Print Media

-Is the printed version
of telling the news,
primarily through
newspapers and
magazines. 
Types of
Media
Broadcast
Media
-Describes the
traditional forms
of media that include
television and radio. 
Types of
Media
Internet

- The Internet is a
global wide area
network that connects
computer systems
across the world. 
 
QUIZ NATA SIS:
1. These are the objects used in
the classroom instruction by
educators to improve students
understanding.
a. Visual Aids
b. Audio Aids
c. Realia
d. Audio-Visual Aids
2. Give at least 2 examples of
realia.
-Globe
-Solar System Model
-Volcano Eruption Model
-Top Clock
-Finger Puppet
-Play Money
3. Object that usually
considered first as ritual
object as substitute for larger
items .

a. Textbooks
b. Projectors
c. Flashcards
d. Miniature
4. Can be defined as models and
devices that can be heard also
known as spoken information.

a. Visual Aids
b. Audio Aids
c. Realia
d. Audio-Visual Aids
5. These are items of a visual
manner such as graphs,
photographs, video clips used in
addition to spoken information

a. Visual Aids
b. Audio Aid
c. Realia
d. Audio-Visual Aids
6. These are instructional
devices which are used to
communicate messages more
effectively through sound and
visuals.

a. Visual Aids
b. Audio Aids
c. Realia
d. Audio-Visual Aids
7. There are representations of
the object or a thing on a flat
surface.

a. Newspaper
b. Photographs
c. Flat pictures
d. Illustrations
8. These are the objects used in
the classroom instruction by
educators to improve students
understanding.
a. Newspaper
b. Photographs
c. Magazines
d. Flat pictures
9. These are non photographic
reconstruction of representation
of reality etched or drawn by an
illustrators, the teacher or the
students themeselves.
a. Illustration
b. Photographs
c. Magazines
d. Flat pictures
10. It is a communication outlet
or tools used to store and deliver
information or data.

a. News media
b. Media
c. Print media
d. Broadcast Media