Literature and data collection

SUBJECT: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

 SYNOPSIS:

• DEFINITION:
A resort is a place that is frequented for holidays or recreation or for a particular
purpose.

• TOPIC: Hill Resort.

• SCOPE:
a. Spiritual
b. Adventurous
c. Health
d. Ecology
e. Research
f. Religious

• LIMITATION: Adventurous.
 LOCAL MUNICIPAL RULES AND
REGULATIONS:
• RESTRICTION OF BUILDING ACTIVITY IN THE VICINITY OF CERTAIN
AREAS:

 Water Bodies:
(i) No building / development activity shall be allowed in the bed of
water bodies like river or nala and in the Full Tank Level (FTL) of
any lake, pond, cheruvu or kunta / shikam lands.

(ii) The above water bodies and courses shall be maintained as

Recreational/Green Buffer Zone and no building activity shall be
carried out within:
(1) 100m from the boundary of the River outside the Municipal
Corporation / Municipality / Nagara Panchayat limits and 50m
with in the Municipal Corporation / Municipality / Nagara Panchayat limits.
 The boundary of the river shall be as fixed and certified by the Irrigation Department and
Revenue Department.
(2) 30m from the FTL boundary of Lakes / Tanks / Kuntas of area
10Ha and above.
(3) 9m from the FTL boundary of Lakes / Tanks / Kuntas of area
less than 10Ha / shikam lands;
(4) 9m from the defined boundary of Canal, Vagu, Nala, Storm
Water Drain of width more than 10m.
(5) 2m from the defined boundary of Canal, Vagu, Nala, Storm Water Drain of width up to
10m.

 Electrical Lines:
(i) In case of sites in the vicinity of High Tension Electricity
Transmission Lines besides taking other safety precautions, a
minimum safety distance (both vertical and horizontal) of 3m shall
be maintained between the building and the High Tension Electricity Lines and 1.5m shall be
maintained between the building and the
Low Tension Electricity Lines.
(ii) In case of Electricity Tower lines, the land all along below the tower
line shall be developed as green belt to an extent of the width of
tower base and on either side of green belt there shall be a
minimum of 10m wide roads or as defined in the Master Plan.

• REQUIREMENT OF APPROACH ROAD FOR BUILDING SITES / PLOTS:

Minimum abutting existing road width required is 9 meters.

• PERMISSIBLE SETBACKS & HEIGHT STIPULATIONS FOR ALL TYPES

OF NON-HIGH RISE BUILDINGS:

(i) The setbacks are to be left after leaving the affected area of the plot/ site, if any, for
road widening.

(ii) A strip of at least 1m greenery / lawn along the frontage of the site within the front
setback shall be developed and maintained with greenery.
(iii) For Plots above 300sq.m in addition to (ii) above, a minimum 1m wide
continuous green planting strip in the periphery on remaining sides are
required to be developed and maintained within the setback.

(iv) For all plots above 750sq.m, in addition to (ii) and (iii) above, 5% of the site
area to be developed as organized open space and be utilized as greenery, tot
lot or soft landscaping etc., and shall be provided over and above the
mandatory setbacks. Such organized open space could be in more than one
location and shall be of a minimum width of 3m with a minimum area of
15sq.m at each location.

(v) In all plots 750sq.m and above, provision shall be made for earmarking an
area of 3m X 3m for the purpose of setting of public utilities like distribution
transformer, etc. within the owner’s site subject to mandated public safety
requirements.

(vi) The space between 2 blocks shall not be less than the side setback of the
tallest block and this shall not be considered for organised open space (tot lot).
• PARKING REQUIREMENTS:

(i) Misuse of the area specified for parking of vehicles for any other use shall be
summarily demolished / removed by the Enforcement Authority.

(ii) The parking spaces should be efficiently designed and clearly marked and
provided with adequate access, aisle, drives and ramps required for regulated
movement of vehicles.

(iii) Cellar floor shall be used only for parking and not for any habitation purpose.
There shall be ventilation to cellars with not less than 2.5% of each cellar floor area.

(iv) The minimum width of the drive way shall be 4.5m.

(v) Up to 10% of cellar may be utilised for utilities and non-habitation purpose like
A/C Plant room, Generator room, Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), Electrical
installations, Laundry, etc.
(vi) Parking area to be provided as percentage of total built up area

 HMDA Area:
i. GHMC :40
ii. Municipalities/N.Ps/G.Ps. In HMDA Area : 30

 All Municipal Corporations & UDA Areas:

i. All Municipal Corporations :30
ii. Municipalities/N.Ps/G.Ps. In UDA Areas : 25

 Municipalities/N.Ps/ G.Ps. other than UDA Areas:

i. Selection & Special Grade Municipalities : 25
ii. Other Municipalities/N.Ps/G.Ps. :25
 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING IN HILLY AREAS:

• Hilly areas have one of the most fragile ecosystems, which need to be
conserved. Therefore planning and development strategies for hilly areas shall
have to be designed with added sensitivity and stress on integrated
development. The development approach shall comprise sound land use
planning and settlement planning.

• Settlement planning in the hill areas has extremely large implications on the
environment. For planning of the new settlements or working out the strategies
for the growth of the existing settlements, it is necessary to conduct detailed
environmental inventory/impact assessment. The inventory would involve
geological investigations, slope analysis, soil, flora and fauna analysis, climatic
inventories, vulnerability to natural disasters, etc. In addition to this the
aesthetic factors, cultural, architectural and historical heritage,
scenic/landscape value should also be taken into consideration. Keeping in
view the scarcity of good buildable land and also the high cost of the
construction, it is necessary to optimize the use of land and at the same time,
use cost effective, appropriate building materials and technologies.
• LAND USE PLANNING FOR RECREATION :

Percentage of Developed Area:

 Small Towns : 15%-18%

 Medium Towns : 15%-18%
 Large Cities :18%-20%

• ROADS AND PATHS :

 Street orientation shall preferably be East-West side to allow for maximum

South sun to enter the buildings. The street shall be wide enough to ensure
that the buildings on one side do not shade those on the other side.
 Width of Pedestrian path (in meter) :

i. Open Areas : 1.5-2.5

ii. Built-up Areas : 1-1.5
iii. Plains : 1.5-4.5

• GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS :

 Siting:

 No house shall preferably be located closer than 1 m to another house.

 No house shall be located closer than 10 m to a steep slope.
 No house shall be built on a landfill or on the edge of a slope known to have been
levelled.
 Buildings shall be located on the south slope of a hill or mountain for better exposure
to solar radiation. At the same time, exposure to cold winds may be minimized by
locating the building on the leeward side.
 Passive Systems for Climatic Control:

 Appropriate solar passive methods, such as orientation, double-glazing,

trombe walls and solar collectors, shall be adopted to achieve climatic
comfort with little use of conventional energy.
 Care shall be taken in siting and design of buildings to provide passive
controls to modify the effect of cold/strong winds.

 Flat land is normally not available in hilly regions. The houses are required to
be constructed on partially sloping land made available by cutting and filling.
It shall be necessary to protect the house by building retaining walls/breast
walls to avoid landslides occurring at time of earthquakes or heavy rains.
 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY:

Every building shall be so constructed, equipped, maintained and

operated as to avoid undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants from
fire, smoke, fumes or panic during the time period necessary for escape.

• GENERAL EXIT REQUIREMENTS:

 Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits
sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants, in case of fire or other
emergency.
 Exits shall be clearly visible and the route to reach the exits shall be clearly
marked and signs posted to guide the occupants of the floor concerned.
Signs shall be illuminated and wired to an independent electrical circuit on an
alternative source of supply. The sizes and colours of the exit signs shall be
in accordance with good practice. The colour of the exit signs shall be green.
 Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through
another occupied unit.

• OCCUPANT LOAD:

 For determining the exits required, the number of persons within any floor
area or the occupant load shall be based on the actual number of occupants.
 Occupant Load, Floor Area in m2/Person : 12.5

• ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS:

Whenever more than one exit is required for any room space or floor of a
building, exits shall be placed as remote from each other as possible and shall
be arranged to provide direct access in separate directions from any point in
the area served.
• DOORWAYS:

 Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway or a horizontal exit of
a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of
egress.
 No exit doorway shall be less than 1000 mm in width. Doorways shall be not
less than 2000 mm in height.
 Exit doorways shall be openable from the side which they serve without the
use of a key.
 Mirrors shall not be placed in exit ways or exit doors to avoid confusion
regarding the direction of exit.

• CORRIDORS AND PASSAGEWAYS:

 Exit corridors and passageways shall be of width not less than the aggregate
required width of exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to
the exterior.
 Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways, the height of
corridors and passageways shall be not less than 2.4 m.
 All means of exit including staircases lifts lobbies and corridors shall be
adequately ventilated.

• INTERNAL STAIRCASES:

 Internal stairs shall be constructed of non-combustible materials throughout.

 Minimum width that shall be provided for staircases: 1.5m.
 The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 300 mm. The treads shall
be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping.
 The maximum height of riser shall be 150 mm and the number shall be limited
to 15 per flight.
 No electrical shafts/AC ducts or gas pipes, etc., shall pass through or open in
the staircases.
 External exit door of staircase enclosure at ground level shall open directly to
the open spaces or through a large lobby, if necessary.
• EXTERNAL STAIRS:

 The main and external staircases shall be continuous from ground floor to the
terrace level.
 Entrance to the external stairs shall be separate and remote from the internal
staircase.
 The route to the external stairs shall be free of obstructions at all times.
 No external staircase, used as a for escape, shall be inclined at an angle
greater than 45° from the horizontal.
 External stairs shall have straight flight not less than 1250 mm wide with 250
mm treads and risers not more than 190 mm. The number of risers shall be
limited to 15 per flight.
 The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load and to a
building not exceeding 9 m in height. A spiral stair case shall be not less than
1500 mm in diameter.
• EMERGENCY AND ESCAPE LIGHTING:

 Emergency lighting shall be powered from a source independent of that

supplying the normal lighting.
 Escape lighting shall be capable of:

i. Clearly indicating the escape routes.

ii. Providing adequate lighting along such routes to allow safe movement of
persons towards and through the exits.
iii. Ensuring that fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipments provided
along the escape routes can be readily located.
 REQUIREMENTS:
• GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

 Front office
 Accommodation
 Swimming pool
 Food courts
 Leisure places
 Spa
 Gym
 Parks
 Banquet and Seminar halls
 Security
 Amphitheatre
 Parking
 Common restrooms
 Emergency exits
 Indoor activities

• SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS:

 Adventurous activities:

1. Trekking
2. Camping
3. Rope activities
4. Caving
 AREA STATEMENT:
PEOPLE: 600

• Cottages(accommodation) - 10000 sq.m. (600 people)

• Swimming pools - 200 sq.m. (30 swimmers) (2sqm. per person)
• Food court - 400 sq.m. (200 people)
• Kitchen - 200 sq.m.
• Spa and Gym - 150 sq.m.
• Banquet halls - 300 sq.m. (120 people)
• Amphitheatre - 600 sq.m. (600 people)
• Security and Front office - 100 sq.m.
• Seminar halls - 75 sq.m. (50 people)
• Dormitory - 1000 sq.m. (250 people)
• Parking -12500 sq.m. (250 vehicles)
• Services
i. Water : 63.46 sq.m.
ii. Liquid waste: 53 sq.m.
iii. Electrical substation: 2000 sq.m. (40m*50)
iv. Sewage treatment : 1500 sq.m. (30m*50)
v. Transformers: 16 sq.m. (4m*4m)
DESKTOP STUDY
 Name of the Resort : THE WIND FLOWER SPA AND RESORTS

 Architect : Ar. CP. Raj

 Owner : Mr. Giri Raj
 Completion : 2011
 Area : 25 Acres
 Location : Vythiri, Wayanad, Kerala
 No. of Floors : 1
 Structure type : Pitched Roof Building
 Structure material : RCC
 Style : Typical kerala style
 Approach : 2 hrs. from kozhikode
CONCEPT:

 Basic concept of the resort is to give more human comfort inside the forest
with local materials.
 It is designed in linear form to maintain the privacy of rooms.
 Passive cooling has been adopted with Double Tiling Roofing System.
 It has extended roof to avoid water inside the rooms.
 Local architecture has been adopted such as “pitched roofs and use of
teak wood.”
 Wooden flooring has been used to maintain the passive cooling.
SERVICES:

 Two generator rooms are provided.

 Garbage storage is given separately.
 Solid waste and Water waste are collected separately.
 Solid waste directly collects in the tank.
 Water waste goes through filtration after which it is used for gardening.
ANALYSIS:

 It has linear type of planning and to maintain the privacy newly planted
trees has been used.
 All zones have been separated by means of pedestal pathway.
 Vehicular movement is restricted up to admin block which avoids pollution.
 Wide range of area has lack of utilization.
 Less recreational areas.
 INTRODUCTION

• Artificial Caving Systems provide a fun and exciting replication of real

caving but in a safe and controlled environment.

• Similar to indoor climbing walls, artificial caving systems aim to

educate, inspire and excite a new generation of subterranean
explorers as well as make caving more accessible to those who
otherwise would not get a chance to participate.

• Artificial caves are not just for the beginner though; challenging
routes can be created with the addition of such features as
squeezes, sumps and boulder fields.

• Caving systems are a great attraction on their own or can

compliment existing activities to offer something new and innovative
to attract your customers and keep them wanting more.
BENEFITS OF ARTIFICIAL CAVES :

• Confidence, motivation and mental strength.

• The test passageway builds initial confidence to take on a more
challenging caving experience in the artificial cave.
• For the more anxious cavers, emergency escape exits provide the
safety and support to encourage everybody to have a go and take
on this exciting challenge.