Characteristics of virtualized

environment
Virtualization reference model
Guest
Guest Virtual
VirtualImage
Image Applications
Applications Applications
Applications

Virtual
VirtualHardware
Hardware Virtual
VirtualStorage
Storage Virtual
VirtualNetworking
Networking
Virtualization
Virtualization Layer
Layer
Software
Software Emulation
Emulation

Host
Host Physical
Physical Physical
PhysicalStorage
Storage Physical
PhysicalNetworking
Networking
Hardware
Hardware
• Increased security
• Managed Execution
A)Sharing
B) Aggregation
C)Emulation
D)Isolation
• Portability
 Taxonomoy of Virtualized
Environment
Virtualization
Virtualization
How
How itit isis done?
done? Technique
Technique Model
Model

Emulation
Emulation Application
Application

Execution
Execution
Programming
Programming
Environme
Environme Process
Process Level
Level High-Level
High-Level VM
VM Language
Language
nt
nt

Storage
Storage Operating
Operating
Virtualizati
Virtualizati Multiprogramming
Multiprogramming System
System
on
on
Network
Network Hardware-assisted
Hardware-assisted
Virtualization
Virtualization

Full
Full Virtualization
Virtualization
System
System Level
Level Hardware
Hardware

….
…. Paravirtualization
Paravirtualization

Partial
Partial
Virtualization
Virtualization
 Execution virtualization
1)Machine reference model
Applications Applications
Applications

API calls
API
API

Libraries
Libraries Libraries
Libraries

User
System calls ISA
ABI
ABI
User
ISA

Operative
OperativeSystem
System Operative
OperativeSystem
System

ISA
ISA
ISA

Hardware
Hardware Hardware
Hardware
2 Hardware Level virtualization
In
Inmemory
memory
representation
representation

Host
Hostemulation
emulation

binary
binary translation
translation
instruction
instructionmapping
mapping
interpretation
interpretation
……
……
 3)Hardware Virtualization techniques
• Hardware assisted virtualization
• Full virtualization
• Para virtualization
• Partial virtualization
Hypervisors
4) OS level virtualization offers the opportunity to
create different and separated execution
environments for applications that are managed
concurrently. It is different from hardware
virtualization —there is no virtual machine
manager or hypervisor, and the virtualization is
done within a single operating system, where the
OS kernel allows for multiple isolated user space
instances.
5)Programming level virtualization is mostly
used for achieving ease of deployment of
applications, managed execution, and
portability across different platforms and
operating systems. It consists of a virtual
machine executing the byte code of a
program, which is the result of the
compilation process.
6)Application level virtualization
Interpretation
Binary Translation
 Virtualization and cloud
VM
VM

VM
VM VM
VM VM
VM VM
VM VM
VM

Virtual
VirtualMachine
MachineManager
Manager

Server
Server AA Server
Server BB
(running)
(running) (running)
(running)
Before
Before Migration
Migration

VM
VM VM
VM VM
VM

VM
VM VM
VM VM
VM

Virtual
VirtualMachine
MachineManager
Manager

Server
Server AA Server
Server BB
(running)
(running) (inactive)
(inactive)
After
After Migration
Migration
 Advantage and disadvantage of
virtualization
• Advantages:
• Eliminates the need for numerous dedicated servers;
• Offers the ability for different domain names, file directories, email
administration, IP addresses, logs and analytics;
• Cost effective because many times server software installation
provisioning is available;
• If one virtual server has a software failure, the other servers will not
be affected;
• Reduces energy costs because only one device is running instead of
several;
• Offers a flexibe IT infrastructure;
• Can quickly make changes with little downtime.
 Disadvantages
• Resource hogging could occur if there are too many
virtual servers within a physical machine;
• As software updates and patches must be compatible
with everything running on the virtual machine,
admins may have reduced control over the physical
environment;
• Administration, including backup and recovery,
requires specialized knowledge;
• If user experience is impacted, it can be difficult to
identify the root cause;
• Services offered by a dedicated server are more
accessible.