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PPT6 Matrix Algebra

This document provides an outline for a chapter on matrix algebra that is part of a course on business mathematics. It includes definitions of matrices and operations involving matrices such as addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix multiplication. It also discusses matrix equations, inverses, and Leontief's input-output analysis using input-output tables. Examples are provided to illustrate matrix operations and how systems of equations can be written in matrix form.

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31 views

PPT6 Matrix Algebra

This document provides an outline for a chapter on matrix algebra that is part of a course on business mathematics. It includes definitions of matrices and operations involving matrices such as addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix multiplication. It also discusses matrix equations, inverses, and Leontief's input-output analysis using input-output tables. Examples are provided to illustrate matrix operations and how systems of equations can be written in matrix form.

Uploaded by

Rano Acun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH6102

Business Mathematics

Week 6

Matrix Algebra
Chapter Outline

 Matrices
 Matrix Addition and Scalar
Multiplication
 Matrix Equations
 Inverses
 Leontief’s Input – Output Analysis
MATRICES
• A matrix consisting of m horizontal rows and n vertical
columns is called an m×n matrix or a matrix of size m×n.

 a11 a12 ... a1n 


a a12 ... a2 n 
 21
 . . ... . 
 
 . . ... . 
 . . ... . 
 
am1 am 2 ... amn 

• For the entry aij, we call i the row subscript and j the column
subscript.
Example: Size of a Matrix
a. The matrix A = 1 2 has0 size A 1x3.

1  6
b. The matrix B = 5 1has size B .
  3x2
9 4 

c. The matrix C = has


7 size C1x1.

1 3 7  2 4
d. The matrix D = 9 11 5 6 has
8  size D .
  3x5
6  2  1 1 1
MATRIX ADDITION AND SCALAR
MULTIPLICATION
1. Matrix Addition
1 4  7  2 1  7 2  2  8 0
2 5  4  
 4  4  
 8
    6 3  6  3 

3 6
   3 0 
 
5  3 6  0
 
 8 6

2. Matrix Subtraction  2
 2 6 6  26 6  2  4 8 
 4 1  1  
 1 1   
 0 
   4  4  4  8 

 3 2
  0 3 
 
 30 2  3
 
 3  1

3. Matrix Scalar Multiplication


 4 12
3 5   
  
15

6  
18

4. Matrix Multiplication
2 3  7 9 ( 2 x 7)  (3 x  1) ( 2 x9)  (3 x 0)  11 18 
4    
 5 
  1

0 ( 4 x 7)  (5 x  1)

( 4 x9)  (5 x 0)   23 36
Example: Matrix Form of a System Using Matrix Multiplication
• Write the system: 2 x1  5 x 2  4

8 x1  3 x 2  7
in matrix form by using matrix multiplication.
• Solution:
2 5   x1  4
• If A    X   B 
8 3  x2  7 

• then the single matrix equation is


AX  B
2 5  x1  4
8 3  x   7 
  2   
MATRIX EQUATIONS
 2 4 3
2 3
1. Matrix Square: A  and B   0  1 5
 4 5  7 0 2
1 0 0 
2. Matrix Identities: A  0 1 0
0 0 1
1 4
 1 2 3
3. Matrix Transpose: if A  4 5 6 , then AT  2 5 
  3 6

2 0 0
4. Matrix Diagonal : B  0  1 0
0 0 2
INVERSES
• The Inverse of a Matrix is A-1 (A = A-1)
• A x A-1 = I
LEONTIEF’S INPUT – OUTPUT
ANALYSIS
Input – Output Table

Final Total
  Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Demand Demand
Sector 1 10 30 10 50 100
Sector 2 30 50 20 100 200
Sector 3 10 20 20 50 100
Factors 50 100 50 200  
Activity Level 100 200 100    
Thank You

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