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Delhi Sultanate by Ashish and Zubair

The document summarizes the architectural styles of early Islamic dynasties that ruled Delhi, including the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. It describes key monuments constructed during each dynasty such as the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Alai Darwaza, Tughlaqabad Fort, and tombs of prominent sultans. Architectural features of each period such as materials, plans, and decorative elements are highlighted.

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RUSHALI SRIVASTAVA
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637 views28 pages

Delhi Sultanate by Ashish and Zubair

The document summarizes the architectural styles of early Islamic dynasties that ruled Delhi, including the Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. It describes key monuments constructed during each dynasty such as the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Alai Darwaza, Tughlaqabad Fort, and tombs of prominent sultans. Architectural features of each period such as materials, plans, and decorative elements are highlighted.

Uploaded by

RUSHALI SRIVASTAVA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DELHI

SULTANATE
STYLE

PRESENTED BY
PRESENTED TO
ASHISH
AR.KAJAL GARG
ZUBAIR
INTRODUCTION
The architecture of early Islamic dynasties
that ruled from Delhi like
 the Slave
 Khalji (Khilji)
Tughlaq
Sayyid
Lodhi
THE HEIRARCHY OF
DYNASTIES

1191-1246 (1290) : Slave Dynasty


1290-1320 : Khilji
1320-1431 : Tughluq
1414-1444 : Sayyid
1451-1557 : Lodhi
THE SLAVE OR MAMLUK DYNASTY (1191-
1290)
MONUMENTS BUILT UNDER THIS
DYNASTY
 QUTUB MOSQUE,DELHI 1195 CE.
 QUTUB MINAR,DELHI 1200 CE.
QUWWAT-UL ISLAM
MOSQUE
 Built by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak.
 The plinth was expanded to cover a rectangle of 150' X
212'.
 This was then enclosed by a wall with cloisters on all
sides.
 It is the earliest extant mosque in India,
having a rectangular court.
 The court is enclosed by cloisters which were
erected with carved columns and other
architectural members from the 27 Hindu and
Jain
 temples, which were later demolished.
courtyard
The courtyard is 105'x141',
surrounded by cloisters.
sanctuary
The western part of the
cloister was the sanctuary.
CLOISTER
Cloister were three aisle
deep.
Composed of pillars from
Hindu temples, placed one
above the other to achieve
the desired height.
QUTUB MINAR
• Qutb Minar (Also
called Qutub or Qutab, is
the
tallest minar (73 metres) in
India originally an ancient
Islamic Monument, inscribed
with Arabic inscriptions, and
is
a UNESCO World Heritage
site.
• Qutb Minar is made of red
sandstone and marble.
• The stairs of the tower has
379
steps,is 72.5 metres (237.8
ft)
• Construction was started
in
1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak
and
was carried on by his
successor, Iltutmish.
• In 1368, Firoz Shah
Tughlak
constructed the fifth and the
MATERIALS:
lastfirst
• The storey.
three stories are made
of
sandstone and the next two of
marble
and sandstone.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq added
marble to
the top storey.
• The Minar is in fact believed to
QUTUB MINAR
Storeys
 Each storey has a different pattern in
plan.
 First storey- Alternate wedge shaped
and round projections
 Second storey- Circular projections
 Third storey- Star shaped
 Fourth storey- Round
QUTUB COMPLEX
Structures in the complex:
• Qutub Minar
• Quwwat – ul – islam Masjid
• Screen
• Iron Pillar
• Iltutmish Tomb
• Alai Darwaza
• Alai Minar
• Imam Zamin’s Tomb
• Allauddin’s Tomb and
Madarsah
KHILJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)
ALLA-UD-DINKHALJI’S
EXTENSION OF QUTB MOSQUE.
1300 CE
ALAI DARWAZA 1305 CE
ALAI DARWAZA
It has intricate carvings in redsandstone and
marble.
It has red stone jali screens.
 It is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam
mosque, and is a gem of Islamic architecture in
India.
 It was built by Alla-ud-din Khilji in 1311.
 It is 17.2m square and pierced by arched openings
that echo the contours of the covering dome.
The arch to the north is semicircular while the
others are of pointed horse shoe shape.
The arched entrances and jalis are decorated by
fringes of lotus buds.
VIEW OF ALAI DARWAZA
FROM
IMAM ZAMIN’S TOMB
TUGHLAQ DYNASTY(1320-1413)

TUGHLAQABAD FORT
TUGHLAQABAD FORT
• A ruined fort in Delhi, stretching
across 6.5 km, built by Ghiyas-ud-
din Tughlaq in 1321.
• Guarded with parapet walls that
support massive cone-shaped
bastions at every intersection.
• The borderline walls are inclined
inward and stand tall at a height of
11.75 meters.
• Rubble masonry is used to
make up the shape of the
structure, with huge
sandstone blocks, probably
quarried from the
surrounding hills,
enveloping the rubble.
• Tughlaqabad is divided into
three parts : 1. a palace
section 2. a citadel and 3. a
residential city.
• Moving east from the main
entrance to the fort brings
one to the citadel.
TOMB OF GHIYAS-UD-DIN
TUGHLAQ
• The exterior is in form of
an irregular polygon.
• The courtyard within
building is same
unsymmetrical outline.
• The tomb was placed
diagonally, at its widest
part, to bring it into
correct orientation with
mecca.
• The fabric of tomb is of
red sandstone including
white marbles used at
domes.
• Rubble masonry is used to
make up the shape of the
structure, with huge sandstone
blocks.
• Tughlaqabad is divided into
three parts : 1. a palace section
2. a citadel and 3. a residential
city.
• Moving east from the main
entrance to the fort brings one
to the citadel.
FEROZ SHAH KOTLA

• Built by Feroz Shah Tughluq in 1354.


• Feroz Shah Kotla was the grand and
opulent royal citadel of the city.
• The walls of the citadel are as high as
15 metres high and have a slight slope
on the outside.
• The entrance has a huge iron gate with
a board that bears the name of Feroz
Shah Kotla.
• Inside the fort you will find a number
of ruined structures, of which the
Mosque and the Baoli (step well) are
still recognizable.
SAYYID DYNASTY (1414-1451)

MONUMENTS BUILD IN THIS


DYNASTY ARE:
TOMB OF MUBARAK SAYYID
TOMB OF MOHAMMAD SHAH
SAYYID
TOMB OF MUBARAK
SAYYID
 Built with an octagonal plan, enclosed in an octagonal
compound with gates.
 But, at present, only the south and west gates exist while
the compound walls have disappeared.
 Southern entrance opens into the octagonal hall, which
has arched openings on three sides, except in the west,
which has the Mihrab, in the prayer direction.
 A verandah, with three entrances, encloses the hall.
 The hall and the verandah are provided with supporting
sloping buttresses at the corners.
 A sixteen sided fortification, with turrets in each corner,
supports the low dome structure.
TOMB OF MUBARAK
SAYYID
Chattris (kiosks)in octagonal shape adorn the
roof on each side.
Considered as a typical example of octagonal
Sayyid tombs.
The overall effect of the tomb is of a pyramidal
appearance
TOMB OF MUHAMMAD SHAH
SAYYID
This beautiful octagonal maqbara (tomb) of
Muhammad Shah Sayyid is located near the
south-west corner of the Lodi Garden.
The tomb was built in 1444 for the third Sayyid
sultan Muhammad Shah.
 It has a fuller dome on a raised seat surrounded
by chhatris.
 Each of the octagonal side has a three-arch
opening, bordered by inclined columns at each
corner.  This is arguably the best example of
Sayyid monuments.
 The tomb is beautifully ornamented and some of
the orginal coloured plaster-work is still visible.
TOMB OF MUBARAK SAYYID
LODHI DYNASTY
MONUMENT BUILD IN THIS DYNASTY:
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI

BARA GUMBAD
MOSQUE
TOMB OF SIKANDER
LODHI
A copy of tomb of Mubarak Sayyid, the kiosks
being removed and replaced by semi – minarets
called Guldastas attached the base.
Placement of tomb within a garden, Lodi Gardens
in New Delhi – a formal and elaborate
arrangement along with impressive gateways.
A large wall enclosure surrounds the tomb of
which the western wall serves the purpose of a
mosque.
There are no chattris around the dome.
The dome is double dome.
At the top of the dome there is a lotus instead of
small chhatris.
BARA GUMBAD MOSQUE
 Bara Gumbad Gumbad Mosque, with
three domes Mosque and five arched
openings.
The interior of the mosque is heavily
decorated with florals, geometric
designs and holy inscriptions.
The hall in front of the mosque
served as a guest house.
There are remains of a water tank in
the courtyard.

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