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Prepared by S.Anusooya Ap/Ece

The document discusses multirate digital signal processing techniques including decimation and interpolation. It describes how decimation works by downsampling a signal by an integer factor M. This can cause aliasing unless the original signal is bandlimited to ±π/M. An anti-aliasing filter is used before downsampling to bandlimit the signal and prevent aliasing. The time and frequency domain representations are shown for decimation, including how the spectrum is repeated at intervals of 2π/M after downsampling. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating the output spectrum for given input spectra and downsampling factors. The next topic will cover interpolation, which is the inverse process of upsampling a signal.

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Suraaj Sakthi Kumar
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14 views

Prepared by S.Anusooya Ap/Ece

The document discusses multirate digital signal processing techniques including decimation and interpolation. It describes how decimation works by downsampling a signal by an integer factor M. This can cause aliasing unless the original signal is bandlimited to ±π/M. An anti-aliasing filter is used before downsampling to bandlimit the signal and prevent aliasing. The time and frequency domain representations are shown for decimation, including how the spectrum is repeated at intervals of 2π/M after downsampling. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating the output spectrum for given input spectra and downsampling factors. The next topic will cover interpolation, which is the inverse process of upsampling a signal.

Uploaded by

Suraaj Sakthi Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by

S.Anusooya
AP/ECE
MODULE V
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
 Interpolation and Decimation
 Decimation by an integer factor
 Interpolation by an integer factor
 Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor
 Time and frequency domain descriptions
 Quadrature Mirror Filter banks
 Sub-band Coding.
Time and frequency domain
descriptions

Decimation (or) Down Sampling


Time and frequency domain
descriptions
Spectrum of the down sampled signals:
Spectrum of the down sampled signals:
Spectrum of the down sampled
signals:
Spectrum of the down sampled
signals:
Aliasing Effect
Aliasing occurs during downsampling a digital or
sampling an analog signal
The name Aliasing stems from the fact that several
different frequencies on the original signal are mapped to
the same sampled sequence, i.e. creating ambiguity in the
sampled signal.
Aliasing can be mitigated by application of a low-pass
filter before downsampling.
The low-pass filter removes all frequencies above half the
Nyquist-frequency and thus inhibits aliasing of high-
frequencies into the lower frequencies.
Aliasing Effect
•The Spectrum obtained after downsampling will
overlap if the original spectrum is not band limited to
w=π /M.This overlap causes aliasing.(shown in below
fig)
•Therefore aliasing due to downsampling a signal by a
factor of M is absent if and if the signal x(n) is band
limited to ± π /M.
Anti aliasing filter.
If the signal x(n) is not band limited to ± π /M , then
a low pass filter with cut off frequency π /M is used
prior to down sampling .
This filter is called Anti aliasing filter.
v(n)
x(n) h(n) M y(n)

The complete process that is filtering and then


downsampling is referred to as decimation.
Aliasing Effect

Refer slide
no: -6

The secod term X(- ejw/2) is simply obtained by shifting the first term X( ejw/2) to
the right by an amount of 2π.
Problem.1:
1)The frequency response of an input sequence x(n) is
shown in below fig. If the input signal is passed
through a downsampler (M=2),find the frequency
response of the output.

Solution :
Formula:
Problem.1:
Problem.1:
Step 3:
Find Y(ejw )
Problem .2:
2.The frequency response of an input sequence x(n) is shown
in below fig. If the input signal is passed through a
downsampler (M=3),find the frequency response of the
output.

Input

Solution:
:
Problem.2 Step 1:

Step 1:
Find X( ejw/3)
Decimation
by factor 3

Step 2:
Right shifted to 2π
Find X(ej(w-2π)/3)
Step 1

Problem .2:
Step 3:
Find X(ej(w-4π)/3)

Right shifted to 4π

Step 4:
Find Y(ejw )
Step 1

Add all these three steps


to get output
3
Exercise Problem:
1)The frequency response of an input sequence x(n) is
shown in below fig. If the input signal is passed
through a downsampler (M=2),find the frequency
response of the output.
X(ejw )

-3π -2π π 0 π/2 2π


Next Session on

Interpolation or Up Sampling………

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