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Anatomy and Physiology of Joints Unit-V by Muhammad Shahid MSN, BSN, DPBCN, RN, BSC

This document provides an overview of joints, including: - Joints are places where two or more bones meet, and are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial joints based on their structure and mobility. - Synovial joints have the most mobility and include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, and gliding joints. - Key characteristics of synovial joints include a fibrous capsule, synovial membrane that secretes lubricating fluid, and attached ligaments. - Examples are provided of different joint types along with their structural features and movements. Multiple choice questions assess comprehension.

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Muhammad Shahid
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224 views45 pages

Anatomy and Physiology of Joints Unit-V by Muhammad Shahid MSN, BSN, DPBCN, RN, BSC

This document provides an overview of joints, including: - Joints are places where two or more bones meet, and are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial joints based on their structure and mobility. - Synovial joints have the most mobility and include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, and gliding joints. - Key characteristics of synovial joints include a fibrous capsule, synovial membrane that secretes lubricating fluid, and attached ligaments. - Examples are provided of different joint types along with their structural features and movements. Multiple choice questions assess comprehension.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anatomy and Physiology of Joints

Unit-V
By
Muhammad Shahid
MSN, BSN, DPBCN, RN, BSc
Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 1
Objectives
By the end of this session students will be able to:
1. Define joint
2. Classify joints into three types
3. Name the six types of synovial joint and give example of
each
4. Describe the structure of a synovial joint
5. Classify joints according to the movement
6. Describe the types of movement present at joints.

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 2


Joints
A joint is a place of articulation and is formed where two or
more bones come in close contact in the body and are attached
to each other by ligaments* or cartilages*.
Or
Joints are formed where two or more bones articulate.

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Classification of joints
Joints are classified on the basis of:
1. Type of movement present between the joints
2. Type of tissue present between the joints
The three types of joints:
3. Fibrous ( Synarthroses): No movement Possible.
4. Cartilaginous ( Amphiarthroses): Slight movement possible
5. Synovial or Diarthroses: All movement possible.

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FIBROUS or SYNARTHROSES
JOINT (IMMOVABLE)
The fibrous joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue.
There is no movement at this joint

Example: Sutures of the skull

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CARTILAGINOUS (SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE)

The bones are connected by hyaline cartilage (fibro cartilage) and


ligaments and allow only a limited degree of movement.
Examples:
• Joint between two vertebrae
• Symphysis pubis joint between 2 pubic bones
• Joint between sacrum and hip bone.
• Joint between ribs & sternum.

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SYNOVIAL JOINTS

These are freely movable joints. Most of the


joints in our body are synovial joint.
Depending upon the types of movement and
the shapes of the articular surfaces, synovial
joints are of 6 types:
1. Ball & socket – hip and shoulder.
2. Hinge – knee, elbow and ankle.
3. Pivot – radio-ulna, atlas/axis.
4. Saddle – thumb.
5. Condyloid – wrist.
6. Gliding – between vertebrae in spine.

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Typical Synovial Joint
Atypical synovial joint consists of
i. Articulating bones
ii. Hyaline cartilage- articular
cartilage
iii. Capsular ligament.
iv. Synovial Membrane
v. Synovial Cavity
vi. Synovial fluid
vii. Joint cavity

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 9


CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNOVIAL JOINT
• The fibrous capsule (capsular ligament) is lined with a synovial
membrane.
• This membrane secretes synovial fluid into the synovial cavity
• Synovial fluid acts as a seal, waterproofing the joint, lubricates the
joint.
• The bones are also attached and held together by strong, tough
ligaments made of dense connective tissue.
• These ligaments prevent dislocation during normal movement

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 10


TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS : BALL AND SOCKET JOINT.

• These joints are formed where the rounded head of one bone fits into
the hollow, cup-shaped socket of another bone such as the shoulder
joint and the hip joint. Such joints allow freedom of movement in all
directions.
Hip joint & shoulder joint

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HINGE JOINT

• These joints are formed when the convex surface of one bone fits into
the concave surface of another bone, making movement possible in
one plane only e.g. flexion and extension as in the elbow and knee
joints.
• Examples are knee ,ankle, interphalangeal and the elbow joints.

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PIVOT

• The joint is formed when a bony ring rotates round the pivot (axis) of
another bone allowing the head to turn from side to side Or the end
of one bone rotates round the axis of another bone such as the end of
the radius rotating around the ulna as the palm of the hand is turned
inwards or outwards.

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SADDLE JOINT

• This type of joint is formed when the touching surfaces of two bones
have both concave and convex regions allowing rotation in two
directions. The only saddle joint in the body is in the carpometacarpal
joint of the thumb.

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CONDYLOID
• Oval shaped condyle fits into oval cup shaped or slightly concave and
slightly convex end of another bone allowing angular motion but not
rotation. Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
but no axial rotation (rotation at its own axis). Examples : wrist joint,
Metacarpophalangeal joints, Meta tarsophalangeal joints (toes)

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GLIDING

• This type of joint allows gliding movements between flat or slightly


curves surfaces as the surfaces slide over one another. Only a limited
amount of movement is allowed. Examples: Joints between clavicles
and the sternum, joints between the carpal bones and joints between
the tarsal bones

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A B C

D E F

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JOINTS POSSIBLE MOVEMENTS

SHOULDER Flexion & extension, adduction & abduction,


circumduction, rotation

ELBOW Flexion & extension

RADIO-ULNA Pronation & supination

WRIST Flexion & extension, adduction & abduction,


circumduction

SPINE Flexion & extension, lateral extension, rotation

HIP Flexion & extension, adduction & abduction,


circumduction

KNEE Flexion & extension

ANKLE Dorsiflexion & plantaflexion

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Test Your Self

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Complete the following with
examples
Joints EXAMPLES

Shoulder

ELBOW

RADIO-ULNA

WRIST

SPINE

HIP

KNEE

ANKLE Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 28


1. In a structural classification of joints, which of the following is a joint
that has a cavity filled with fluid enclosed in a capsule?

A) Fibrous
B) cartilaginous
C) hinged
D) synovial

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1. In a structural classification of joints, which of the following is a joint
that has a cavity filled with fluid enclosed in a capsule?

A) Fibrous
B) cartilaginous
C) hinged
D) synovial

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 30


2. Which of the following joints is held together with cartilage?

A) fibrous
B) cartilaginous
C) hinged
D) synovial

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 31


2. Which of the following joints is held together with cartilage?

A) fibrous
B) cartilaginous
C) hinged
D) synovial

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 32


3. Which of the following is a fluid-filled sac found in a synovial joint?

A) meniscus
B) bursa
C) sheath
D) synovial membrane

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 33


3. Which of the following is a fluid-filled sac found in a synovial joint?

A) meniscus
B) bursa
C) sheath
D) synovial membrane

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 34


4. Which of the following types of synovial joints is the most freely
moveable?

A) ball and socket


B) hinge
C) saddle
D) gliding

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 35


4. Which of the following types of synovial joints is the most freely
moveable?

A) ball and socket


B) hinge
C) saddle
D) gliding

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 36


5. In which of the following types of synovial joints does one bone have
a projection that fits into a ring-like ligament on the other, enabling one
bone to revolve on the other?
A) pivot
B) hinge
C) saddle
D) gliding

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 37


5. In which of the following types of synovial joints does one bone have
a projection that fits into a ring-like ligament on the other, enabling one
bone to revolve on the other?
A) pivot
B) hinge
C) saddle
D) gliding

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 38


6. Which of the following synovial joints is the trapeziometacarpal joint
at the base of the thumb?
A) condyloid
B) hinge
C) saddle
D) gliding

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 39


6. Which of the following synovial joints is the trapeziometacarpal joint
at the base of the thumb?
A) Condyloid
B) hinge
C) saddle
D) gliding

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7. which one is a simple moving of the lower arm up and down?
A) flexion and extension
B) hyperextension
C) abduction
D) adduction

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 41


7. which one is a simple moving of the lower arm up and down?
A) flexion and extension
B) hyperextension
C) abduction
D) adduction

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 42


8. Identify abduction and
adduction

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 43


9. Identify the movement

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 44


THANK YOU

Prepared By Muhammad Shahid 45

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