STANDARD

FORM
MATHEMATICS
PDF 1513
MDM NAJIHAH A.MANAF
SIGNIFICANT
FIGURE
OBJECTIVE
 At the end of the lesson, students will be able
to :
 Round off the numbers to the possible
number referred to the given significant
figures.
 Perform the operations of additional,
subtraction, multiplication and division
involving a few numbers.
 State the specific significant figures.
ROUND OFF THE NUMBERS
 Significant figures :
 The number of digits used to denote an exact
value to a specified degree of accuracy.
 Example 1 :
 Round off 59.76 to
A. 3 significant figures
B. 2 significant figures

 Solution :
A. 59.8
B. 60
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES RULES
 All non-zero digits in a positive number are
significant figures.
 Example :
A. 8.354 (4 significant figures)
B. 8.3 (2 significant figures)
 The zeros between the non-zero digits are
significant figures.
 Example :
A. 1087 (4 significant figures)

B. 108 (3 significant figures)

 The zero after a non-zero digit in a number with
decimals are significant figures they indicate the
accuracy of measurement.
 Example :
A. 18.10 (4 significant figures)
B. 10.020(5 significant figures)
 The zeros before a non-zero digit in a number with
decimals and less than 1 are not significant figures since
they only indicate the position of the decimal point.
 Example :
A. 0.013 (2 significant figures)
B. 0.00583 (3 significant figures)
 The zeros after a non-zero digit in a whole
number may or may not be significant figures
depending on the degree of accuracy needed.
 Example :
A. 700(1 significant figure if the degree of

accuracy is to the nearest hundred)

B. 700(2 significant figure if the degree of

accuracy is to the nearest ten)

C. 700(3 significant figure if the degree of

accuracy is to the nearest unit)

 Example 2 :
 Round off the following numbers referred to
the significant figure indicated in the
brackets.
A. 7 844 [2]
B. 999.67 [3]

C. 103 852 [4]

D. 0.0106 [2]

E. 5 508 [1]
 Solution :
A. 7 844 [2]= 7 800
B. 999.67 [3]= 1 000
C. 103 852 [4]= 103 900
D. 0.0106 [2]= 0.011
E. 5 508 [1]= 6 000
 Exercise 1 :
 Round off the following numbers referred to
the significant figure indicated in the
brackets.
A. 12 345 [2]
B. 354.98 [3]
C. 1 242 309 [4]

D. 0.000101 [2]

E. 5 078 900 [1]

F. 6.90646 [2]
 Solutions :
A. 12 345 [2] = 12 000
B. 354.98 [3] = 355
C. 1 242 309 [4] = 1 242 000
D. 0.000101 [2] = 0.00010
E. 5 078 900 [1] = 5 000 000
F. 6.90646 [2] = 6.9
 Exercises 2 :
 Round off the following numbers referred to
the significant figure indicated in the
brackets.
A. 56 519 [2]
B. 98.996 [3]
C. 8 761 824 [4]

D. 0.0011 [2]
E. 8 911 [1]
F. 231.111 [2]
 Exercises 3 :
 Round off the following numbers referred to
the significant figure indicated in the
brackets.
A. 24 786 [3]
B. 13 903.4 [2]
C. 0.91486 [1]
D. 0.00786 [2]
E. 754 327 [3]
PERFORMING OPERATION IN
SPECIFIC SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
 The rounding off of answering in specified
significant figures can only be done after
performing the operations of ‘×’, ‘÷’, ‘+’ or ‘-’ on
the given group of numbers.
 Example 3 :
 Calculateand round off your answer to the
nearest 3 significant figure.
A. 102.85 – 9.5 × 12.8

B. 0.0832 ÷ 0.32 + 1.03 × 0.32

C. (0.387 + 3.87) × 0.41 + 6.25

 Solution :
A. 102.85 – (9.5 × 12.8)
= 102.85 – 121.6
= – 18.75
≃ – 18.8

B. (0.0832 ÷ 0.32) + (1.03 × 0.32)

= 0.26 + 0.3296
= 0.5896
≃ 0.590
 Solution :
C. (0.387 + 3.87) × 0.41 + 6.25
= (4.257 × 0.41) + 6.25
= 1.74537 + 6.25
= 7.99537
≃ 8.00
 Exercise 1 :
Calculate and round off your answer to the
significant figure given.
A. 462.71 x 10.54 + 1.39 [1 sf]
B. 4.86 ÷ (6.21 – 5.9) [2 sf]
C. 46.57 + 2.34 ÷ 5.683 [3 sf]
D. (3.27 + 48.9) x 3.201 [4 sf]
 Solution :
A. (462.71 x 10.54) + 1.39 [1 sf]
= 4876.9634 + 1.39
= 4878.3534
≃ 5 000

B. 4.86 ÷ (6.21 – 5.9) [2 sf]

= 4.86 ÷ 0.31
= 15.6774
≃ 16
 Solution :
C. 46.57 + (2.34 ÷ 5.683) [3 sf]
= 46.57 + 0.4118
= 46.9818
≃ 47.0

D. (3.27 + 48.9) x 3.201 [4 sf]

= 52.17 x 3.201
= 166.99617
≃ 167.0
 Exercises 2 :
Calculate and round off your answer to the
significant figure given.
A. 99.8 x 45.12 – 0.875 [5 sf]
B. 58.71 ÷ 66.71 + 45.8901 [4 sf]
C. 891.8 ÷ (234.11 – 5.9) [3 sf]
D. 1736 + 234 x 8713 [2 sf]
E. (0.00012 + 48.9) x 201 [1 sf]
STANDARD
FORM
OBJECTIVE
 At the end of the lesson, students will be able
to :
 State the numbers in standard form.
 Convert numbers in standard form to single
numbers and vise versa.
 Computation of numbers and stating of the
answers in standard form.
POSITIVE NUMBERS IN STANDARD
FORM
 Standard form is a way of writing a number in
the form A × 10n where 1 ≤ A < 10 and n is an
integer.

DEPAN +VE

BELAKANG -VE
SN SF
 Example :
 3486 is written as 3.486 × 103
 0.0052 is written as 5.2 × 10-3
 - 3.12 is written as -3.12 × 100
 Example 4 :
 Express each of the following numbers in
standard form.
A. 35 470

B. 0.000132

 Solution :
A. 35 470 = 3.547 × 104
B. 0.000132 = 1.32 × 10-4
 Example 5 :
 Express the following in standard form.
A. 138.24 × 102
B. 0.083 × 10-4
 Solution :
A. 138.24 × 102 = 1.3824 × 102 × 102
= 1.3824 × 102+2
= 1.3824 × 104

B. 0.083 × 10-4 = 8.3 × 10-2 × 10-4

= 8.3 × 10-2 + (-4)
= 8.3 × 10-6
 Exercise 1 :
Substitute the following to standard form.
A. 546.87 x 103
B. 0.00724 x 1010
C. 46.312 x 10-4
D. 0.000091 x 10-2
 Solutions :
A. 546.87 x 103
= 5.4687 x 103+2
= 5.47 x 105

B. 0.00724 x 1010
= 7.24 x 1010-3
= 7.24 x 107
 Solutions :
C. 46.312 x 10-4
= 4.6312 x 10-4+1
= 4.63 x 10-3

D. 0.000091 x 10-2
= 9.1 x 10-2-5
= 9.1 x 10-7
 Exercises 2 :
Substitute the following to standard form.
A. 432.87 x 10-3
B. 0.00003 x 102
C. 469.312 x 104
D. 0.00111 x 105
E. 0.00731 x 10-1
F. 0.0755 x 102
 CONVERTING NUMBER
 To convert a number in standard form, that is
A × 10n to a single number;
 Move the decimal point in A by n places to the
right if the index n is positive.
 Move the decimal point in A by n places to the
left if the index n is negative.

SN SF

+VE BELAKANG

-VE DEPAN
 Example 6 :
 Convert each of the following numbers to a
single number.
A. 8.46 × 10-3

B. 4.02 × 105
 Solution :
A. 8.46 × 10-3 = 8.46 × 1
1000
= 8.46 × 1
103
= 0.00846

B. 4.02 × 105 = 4.02 × 100 000

= 402 000
 Exercise 1 :
Convert each of the following numbers to a
single number.
A. 9.8792 x 104
B. 4.576 x 10-2
C. 2.03 x 105
D. 5.78 x 10-1
E. 9.999 x 102
F. 7.676 x 100
 Solution :
A. 9.8792 x 104 = 98 792
B. 4.576 x 10-2 = 0.04576
C. 2.03 x 105 = 203 000
D. 5.78 x 10-1 = 0.578
E. 9.999 x 102 = 999.9
F. 7.676 x 100 = 7.676
 COMPUTATION OF NUMBERS
 After computing numbers involving the
operations ‘×’, ‘÷’, ‘+’ or ‘-’, the final answer can
be expressed in standard form.
 Example 7 :
 Calculate and express the answer in standard
form.
A. 938 ÷ 17302

B. 0.0024 – 30.872 ÷ 0.4

C. (5.48 × 320) – 1020 x 0.52

0.04
D. 257.311
98.23 ÷ (119 + 46)
 Solution :
A. 938 ÷ 17302
= 0.054213385
≃ 5.4213 × 10-2

B. 0.0024 – (30.872 ÷ 0.4)

= 0.0024 – 77.18
= – 77.1776
≃ – 7.7178 × 101
 Solution :
C. (5.48 × 320) – (1020 × 0.52)
0.04
= (1753.6 – 530.4)
0.04
= 1223.2
0.04
= 30580
≃ 3.058 × 104
 Solution :
D. 257.311
98.23 ÷ (119 + 46)
= 257.311
(98.23 ÷ 165)
= 257.311
0.5953
= 432.2133
≃ 4.3221 × 102
 Example 8 :
 Evaluate each of the following and express
the answer in standard form.
A. 1.078 × 10-4 + 2.3 × 10-3

B. 9.8 × 102 × 4.1 × 103

C. 1.85 × 105

2.5 × 10-2
 Solution :
A. (1.078 × 10-4) + (2.3 × 10-3)
= 0.0001078 + 0.0023
= 0.0024078
≃ 2.4078 × 10-3
 Solution :
B. (9.8 × 102) × (4.1 × 103)
= (9.8 × 4.1) × 102 × 103
= 40.18 × 102+3
= 40.18 × 105
= 4.018 × 106
 Solution :
C. 1.85 × 105
2.5 × 10-2
= (1.85 ÷ 2.5) × (105 ÷ 10-2)
= 0.74 × 105-(-2)
= 0.74 × 107
= 7.4 × 106
 Exercise 1 :
Calculate and express the answer in standard
form.
A. 10.741 x 7.39
B. 9.76 – (5.68 + 7.231)
C. 0.786 + 5.974 x 5.78
D. 4.87 x 10-2 x 1.079 x 105
E. 5.47 x 103 ÷ 1.46 x 10-2
 Solution :
A. 10.741 x 7.39
= 79.37599
= 7.9376 x 101

B. 9.76 – (5.68 + 7.231)

= 9.76 – 12.911
= – 3.151
= – 3.151 x 100
 Solution :
C. 0.786 + (5.974 x 5.78)
= 0.786 + 34.52972
= 35.31572
= 3.532 x 101

D. 4.87 x 10-2 x 1.079 x 105

= 5254.73
= 5.25 x 103
 Solution :
E. 5.47 x 103 ÷ 1.46 x 10-2
= 374657.5342
= 3.7466 x 105
 Exercises 2 :
Find the value of each of the following and
express the answer in standard form.
A. 5.479 x 10 – 0.005
B. 46.76 + 9.99 ÷ 56
C. 774 – (36.81 ÷ 0.9)
INDICES
 OBJECTIVE
 At the end of the lesson, students will be able
to :
 State the rules of indices including zero
index, negative index, positive index and
ratio index.
 Derive the rules of indices.
DEFINITION 1
For all a ∈ R and n ∈ Z+ (positive integer),

a.a.a……………..a = an

n factors of a

a = base
n = exponent of or power or index
an = an exponential
DEFINITION 2
For all a ∈ R and n ∈ Z,
⟶ when n = 0, a0 = 1
⟶ when n = 1, a1 = a
⟶ when n = negative integer,

a-n = 1 , a ≠ 0
an
 RULES OF INDICES
 am x an = am+n

 bm = bm-n
bn
 (cm)n = cmn

 (ab)n = anbn

 a n
= an , b ≠ 0
b bn
 Example 9 :
 Simplify the following :
A. 3 5 . 36
34
B. 18x2y5
3x4y
C. (3x5)2
D. 3n+2 × 9n-1 ÷ 27n
E. 42 ÷ 83 × 16-1
 Solution :
A. 3 5 . 36 = 35+6-4 = 37 = 2187
34

B. 18x2y5 = 18 x2-4y5-1 = 6 x-2y4 = 6y4

3x4y 3 x2

C. 10(3x5)2 = 90x10
 Solution :
D. 3n+2 × 9n ÷ 27n
= 3n+2 × 9n
27n
= 3n+2 × (32)n-1 ÷ (33)n
= 3n+2+2(n-1)-3n
= 3n+2+2n-2-3n
= 30
= 1
 Solution :
E. 42 ÷ 83 × 16-1
= (22)2 ÷ (23)3 × (24)-1
= 24 ÷ 29 × 2-4
= 24-9+(-4)
= 2-9
= 1
512
 Exercise 1 :
Calculate the following :
A. 274 ÷ 3-1 × 9-3
B. 6-2 × 36-1 × 2163
C. 44 × 161 ÷ 2562
D. 492 ÷ 73 × 343-1
E. 10243 ÷ 323 × 20
F. 813 × 27-2 ÷ 96
 Solution :
A. 274 ÷ 3-1 × 9-3
= (33)4 ÷ 3-1 × (32)-3
= 312 ÷ 3-1 × 3-6
= 312-(-1)+(-6)
= 37
= 2187
 Solution :
B. 6-2 × 36-1 × 2163
= 6-2 × (62)-1 × (63)3
= 6-2 × 6-2 × 69
= 6-2+(-2)+9
= 65
= 7 776
 Solution :
C. 44 × 161 ÷ 2562
= 44 × (42)1 ÷ (44)2
= 44 × 42 ÷ 48
= 44+2-8
= 4-2
= 1
16
 Solution :
D. 492 ÷ 73 × 343-1
= (72)2 ÷ 73 × (73)-1
= 74 ÷ 73 × 7-3
= 74-3+(-3)
= 7-2
= 1
49
 Solution :
E. 10243 ÷ 323 × 20
= (210)3 ÷ (25)3 × 20
= 230 ÷ 215 × 20
= 230-15+0
= 215
= 32 768
 Solution :
F. 813 × 27-2 ÷ 96
= (34)3 × (33)-2 ÷ (32)6
= 312 × 3-6 ÷ 312
= 312+(-6)-12
= 3-6
= 1
729
 Tutorial 1 :
Find the value of the following :
A. Round off 997.6445 to
1) 2 significant figure
2) 4 significant figure
3) 6 significant figure

B. Convert the following to Standard Form.

1) -0.00027
2) 123 456
 Tutorial 1 :
Find the value of the following :
C. Substitute the following to Single Number.
1) 9.8276 x 10-4
2) 4.589 X 106

D. Calculate the following :

1) 254 × 1251 ÷ 6252
2) 42 ÷ 2563 × 164
 Tutorial 1 :
Solution :
A. Round off 997.6445;
1) 997.6445 [2] = 1000
2) 997.6445 [4] = 997.6
3) 997.6445 [6] = 997.645

B. Convert the following to Standard Form.

1) -0.00027 = -2.7 x 10-4
2) 123 456 = 1.235 x 105

C. Substitute the following to Single Number.

1) 9.8276 x 10-4 = 0.00098276
2) 4.589 X 106 = 4 589 000

D. Calculate the following :

1) 254 × 1251 ÷ 6252 = 125
2) 42 ÷ 2563 × 164 = 1
THANK YOU