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Extracting Metals

This document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by listing some common metal ores like bauxite, haematite, and malachite. It then explains that ores contain metals concentrated enough to make extraction economical. Different techniques are needed to extract metals based on their reactivity. Less reactive metals can be extracted through heating with carbon in a displacement reaction. More reactive metals require electrolysis or reduction with a more reactive element like aluminum. The document seeks to explain why different techniques are needed and name some useful metals.

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Faridah Shazlina
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
310 views

Extracting Metals

This document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by listing some common metal ores like bauxite, haematite, and malachite. It then explains that ores contain metals concentrated enough to make extraction economical. Different techniques are needed to extract metals based on their reactivity. Less reactive metals can be extracted through heating with carbon in a displacement reaction. More reactive metals require electrolysis or reduction with a more reactive element like aluminum. The document seeks to explain why different techniques are needed and name some useful metals.

Uploaded by

Faridah Shazlina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is the

new topic?
4/25/20
Starter
Match the word to
the definition
Extracting Metals
• Content (What)
• Grade C: Explain why different extraction techniques
are needed
• Grade D: Recall and Describe the name of the different
extraction techniques
• Grade E: Recall the name of some useful metals

• Process (How)
• Practical and questions

• Benefit (Why)
• We will see why there is a need to recycle metals
Elements found in the Earth’s crust
Metals make up a relatively small proportion of the
Earth’s crust and are normally found in rocks as ores
Oxygen 46%
Silicon 28%
Aluminium 8%
Iron 5%
Calcium 4%
Sodium 3%
Magnesium 2%
Potassium 2%
Titanium 0.5%
Hydrogen 0.5%
All other 1%
elements
Most metals are found as Ores
Bauxite – Haematite – Malachite –
aluminium oxide iron oxide copper carbonate
(Al2O3) (Fe2O3) (CuCO3)

In ores, the metal or metal compound is concentrated


enough to make it economic to extract the metal.

Some unreactive metals such as


gold can be found as the metal
itself – chemical separation is not
needed.
How are metals found in the ground?
• Metals are either found pure in the ground (eg.
gold) or as an ore rock a compound made of the
metal and oxygen atoms combined together.
The Reactivity Series
Very reactive Potassium (K) extracted by electrolysis
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Aluminium (Al)
-----------------------Carbon (C)-----------------------
Fairly reactive Zinc (Zn) reduced with Carbon
Iron (Fe)
Lead (Pb)
Copper (Cu)
---------------------Hydrogen (H)---------------------
Not at all reactive Silver (Ag) don’t need extracting
Gold (Au)
Native metals Platinum (Pt)
Extraction
• Kerboodle animation on extraction

• Write down three key facts whilst you watch it

• http://live.kerboodle.com/secondary/Scorm/Brow
seCourse.aspx?ResourcesID=4209629&Path=/NT
3/NTLS_RootRepository/ContentPackages/268/n
ew_aqa_sci_online_psf_relea66se61/product/che
_gc_1048_launch.htm&Ver=True
How do we extract metals
A displacement reaction is one where a MORE REACTIVE
metal will DISPLACE a LESS REACTIVE metal from a
compound.

+ +
Angeline is more reactive then Jennifer…

…. So Angelina displaces Jennifer and wins Brad!

This could be used to extract metals from ores, but we


Don’t want to use up one metal to extract another –
Carbon is used instead
How do we extract metals?
These 2 atoms are
bonded together to
make the compound,
copper oxide. carbon
(More
reactive
Oxygen metal atom)
copper atom This is called a
(Reactive ‘reduction’ reaction
metal atom) because the atom is
made ‘smaller’ by
taking away the
oxygen.
Practical
Questions to Answer
• Explain the effect of heating copper oxide with carbon.
• This type of reaction where oxygen is removed from a
substance is known as a reduction reaction. Whenever a
reduction reaction happens, an oxidation reaction always
happens at the same time. What do you think an oxidation
reaction is?
• What has been oxidised in this reaction?
• Which metal oxide do you think is easiest to reduce: copper
oxide, lead oxide or iron oxide? Explain your answer.
• Why is aluminium not extracted from its oxide by heating it
with carbon in this way?
The Winning Line
4/25/20

How Far Did We Make it Up The Mountain?

Grade C: Explain why different


extraction techniques are needed

Grade D: Recall and Describe the name


of the different extraction techniques

Grade E: Recall the name of some useful


metals

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