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Analysis of Variance

ANOVA is used to examine the significance of differences among more than two sample means at the same time. It tests for differences among population means by examining variation within and between samples, assuming normal distributions and equal variances. ANOVA can investigate any number of factors hypothesized to influence a dependent variable. A one-way ANOVA investigates differences among categories of one factor, while a two-way ANOVA investigates two factors simultaneously. The ANOVA table displays sums of squares, degrees of freedom, mean squares, and F-ratios to determine if between-sample variation is significantly greater than within-sample variation.

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19 views

Analysis of Variance

ANOVA is used to examine the significance of differences among more than two sample means at the same time. It tests for differences among population means by examining variation within and between samples, assuming normal distributions and equal variances. ANOVA can investigate any number of factors hypothesized to influence a dependent variable. A one-way ANOVA investigates differences among categories of one factor, while a two-way ANOVA investigates two factors simultaneously. The ANOVA table displays sums of squares, degrees of freedom, mean squares, and F-ratios to determine if between-sample variation is significantly greater than within-sample variation.

Uploaded by

Mohit Mohan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Analysis Of Variance

(ANOVA)
ANOVA
• Used when multiple sample cases are involved
• To examine the significance of difference amongst more
than two sample means at the same time
• Prof. R. A. Fisher was the first man to use the term
“variance”
• ANOVA is essentially a procedure for testing the
difference among different groups of data for
homogeneity.
USES
• Can investigate any number of factors which are
hypothesized to influence the dependent variable.
• To investigate the differences amongst various categories
within each of these factors which may have a large
number of possible values.
• If we take only one factor and investigate the differences
amongst its various categories having numerous possible
values, we use ONE-WAY ANOVA
• If we investigate two factors at the same time, we use
TWO-WAY ANOVA
Basic principle of ANOVA
• To test for differences among the means of the populations by
examining the amount of variation within each of these
samples, relative to the amount of variation between the
samples.
• We assume that each of the samples is drawn from a normal
population and that each of these populations has the same
variance
• We use F- test for ANOVA
Steps- short cut
•1.   Take the total of individual values in all samples and call it T
ie, T= ∑ Xij
2. Work out correction factor as
3. SS total =∑

4. SS between = -
5. SS within =
ANOVA TABLE
Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean Square F-ratio
variation Squares (SS) freedom (d.f) (MS)

Between SS between k-1 SS between MS between


Samples or --------------- -----------------
categories k-1 MS within

Within SS within n-k SS within


samples or ---------------
categories n-k

Total SS between + n-1


SS within

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