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Understanding Clauses

This document discusses different types of clauses, including independent clauses, subordinate clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and noun clauses. It provides examples and definitions of each clause type, explaining how they are used in sentences and what words typically introduce each clause. The key points covered are that clauses contain a subject and verb and can be either independent and express a complete thought on their own, or subordinate and require being attached to an independent clause.

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138 views

Understanding Clauses

This document discusses different types of clauses, including independent clauses, subordinate clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and noun clauses. It provides examples and definitions of each clause type, explaining how they are used in sentences and what words typically introduce each clause. The key points covered are that clauses contain a subject and verb and can be either independent and express a complete thought on their own, or subordinate and require being attached to an independent clause.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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UNDERSTANDIN

G CLAUSES
Independent, Subordinate, Adjective, and
Noun
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=49ESNVXVQEC

Khan Academy
What is a
Clause?
A word group that contains a
verb and its subject, and that
is used as a sentence or as
part of a sentence.
Every clause contains a
subject and a verb, but
not every clause
expresses a complete
thought.
Clauses that express a
complete thought =
Independent Clauses
Clauses that do not express
complete thoughts =
Subordinate Clauses
(Dependent Clauses)
Independent Clauses
 Expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence
 Example that have a subject and a verb:
 Ms. Santana works in a law office in downtown Concord.

 Example of independent clauses joined together by a comma and the coordinating conjunction and:
 Ms. Santana works in a law off in downtown Concord, and she has a successful practice.

 Example of I.C. joined together by a semi-colon:


Ms. Santana works in a law office in downtown Concord; she has a successful practice.
 Example of I.C. joined together by a semi-colon and conjunction adverb:
 Ms. Santana works in a law office in downtown Concord; indeed, she has a successful practice.
The Subordinate Clause
 Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a sentence
 Words such as when, whom, because, which, that, if, and until signal that the clauses following is
most likely a subordinate clause.
 Subordinate = Lesser in rank or importance
 Must be joined with an independent clause
 Can be used as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns
 Examples:
 When you arrive at the airport, call us.
 These wildflowers, which grow only locally, are of interest to scientists.
 Did you know that he had granted us an interview?
Try It For Yourself
 For this reason, until recently, playing the great American game has been something that people
with visual impairments found virtually impossible.
 Only sighted players could participate until an engineer named Charles Fairbanks invented
beep baseball.
 The pitcher shouts “Ready!” before the ball is pitched and “Pitch!” when the ball is released.
 When the bat strikes the ball, the umpire activates the buzzer in first base, to which the batter
must then run.
 When a team is on defense, the pitcher and catcher cannot field the batted ball themselves; they
can only shout directions to the fielders.
 Beep baseball is fun to play, and its challenges create a bond between sighted players and
players with visual impairments.
Adjective Clauses
◦ A subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun
◦ Usually follows the word or words it modifies and tells what kind and which one
◦ Essential (restrictive) cLause is necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence
◦ It is not set off by commas

◦ Nonessential (nonrestrictive) clause gives only additional information and is not necessary to the
meaning of the sentence
◦ It is set off by commas

◦ Examples of both:
◦ This is the new music video that I like best.
◦ Griffins, which are mythological beasts, are included on many coats of arms.

◦ A.C. can also be introduced by relative pronouns.


Adjective Clause Continued...
◦ Relative pronouns – words that relate an adjective clause to the word that the clause modifies.
◦ Who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when
◦ Examples:
◦ Luis, who enjoys running, has decided to enter the marathon.
◦ The students questioned data on which the theory was based.
◦ We met the singer whose new CD was released this week.
Your Turn
◦ Cartoonists use a variety of unusual names
for the symbols that commonly appear in
comic strips.
◦ For example, a briffit is the little puff of dust
hanging in the spot where a swiftly departing
character was previously standing.

◦ Agitrons are the wiggly lines around an object


that is suppose to be shaking.

◦ The limbs of a character who is moving are


usually preceded or trailed by a set of curved
lines called blurgits or swalloops.
Adverb Clause
◦ A subordinate clause that modifies a verb, and adjective, or an adverb.
◦ Generally tells how, when, where, why, how much, to what extent, or under what condition the
action of the verb takes place.
◦ Examples:
◦ After I had proofread my paper, I input the corrections
◦ Because crepes are delicious, Joy makes them on special occasions.
◦ You and your brother may come with us if you want to.
◦ Introductory adverb clauses are typically set off by commas.
◦ Have computers made office work easier than it was before?
◦ My cousin Adele reads faster than I do.
Common Subordinate Conjunctions
Noun Clauses
◦ A subordinate clause that is used as a noun
◦ May be used as a subject, as a complement
(such as a predicate nominative, direct
object, or indirect object), or as the object of
the preposition.
◦ Usually introduce with that, when, whether,
whom, what, whenever, who, whomever,
whatever, where, whoever, and why.
◦ Examples:
◦ They did not know who it could be.
◦ Show us what you bought.
◦ What you learn is your decision.
◦ She wished that she were older.

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