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Lecture 3 Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Draw the free-body diagram of the beam, showing the applied force P and the unknown reactions RA and RB. 2) Sum the forces in the x-direction: RAx - RBx - P = 0 3) Sum the forces in the y-direction: RAy + RBy = 0 4) Since there is no moment at B, RBy = 0 5) Substitute the equations from steps 2-4 into one another to solve for RAx, RAy, and RBx. The horizontal and vertical components of the reactions are: RAx = P RAy = 0 RBx = P

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128 views26 pages

Lecture 3 Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Draw the free-body diagram of the beam, showing the applied force P and the unknown reactions RA and RB. 2) Sum the forces in the x-direction: RAx - RBx - P = 0 3) Sum the forces in the y-direction: RAy + RBy = 0 4) Since there is no moment at B, RBy = 0 5) Substitute the equations from steps 2-4 into one another to solve for RAx, RAy, and RBx. The horizontal and vertical components of the reactions are: RAx = P RAy = 0 RBx = P

Uploaded by

keempee meera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EQUILIBRIUM OF

RIGID BODIES
LECTURE 3 SRBN01E
DREXSIBAL
OBJECTIVES
 Analyze the static equilibrium of rigid bodies in two and three
dimensions.
 Consider the attributes of a properly drawn free-body diagram,
an essential tool for the equilibrium analysis of rigid bodies.
 Examine rigid bodies supported by statically indeterminate
reactions and partial constraints.
 Study two cases of particular interest: the equilibrium of two-
force and three-force bodies.
It is important to be able to
determine the forces in the cables
used to support this submarine to
insure that they do not fail. In this
Lecture we will study how to apply
equilibrium methods to determine
the forces acting on the supports of a
rigid body such as this.
EQUILIBRIUM IN TWO
DIMENSIONS
Two-dimensional or coplanar force system. The case where the force system acting on a rigid
body lies in or may be projected onto a single plane and, furthermore, any couple moments
acting on the body are directed perpendicular to this plane.
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
This diagram is a sketch of the outlined shape of
the body, which represents it as being isolated
or “free” from its surroundings, i.e., a “free
body.” On this sketch it is necessary to show all
the forces and couple moments that the
surroundings exert on the body so that these
effects can be accounted for when the
equations of equilibrium are applied.
Support Reactions
Before presenting a formal procedure as to how to
draw a free-body diagram, we will first consider the
various types of reactions that occur at supports and
points of contact between bodies subjected to coplanar
force systems. As a general rule,
• If a support prevents the translation of a body in a
given direction, then a force is developed on the body
in that direction.
• If rotation is prevented, a couple moment is exerted
on the body.
SUPPORTS FOR RIGID BODIES
SUBJECTED TO TWO-
DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS
SUPPORTS FOR RIGID BODIES
SUBJECTED TO TWO-
DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS
INTERNAL FORCES
The internal forces that act
between adjacent particles
in a body always occur in
collinear pairs such that they
have the same magnitude
and act in opposite
directions.
Since these forces cancel
each other, they will not
create an external effect on
the body. It is for this reason
that the internal forces
should not be included on
the free-body diagram if the
WEIGHT AND THE CENTER OF
GRAVITY
In the examples and problems that follow, if the
weight of the body is important for the analysis, this
force will be reported in the problem statement. Also,
when the body is uniform or made from the same
material, the center of gravity will be located at the
body’s geometric center or centroid ; however, if the
body consists of a nonuniform distribution of
material, or has an unusual shape, then the location
of its center of gravity G will be given.
IDEALIZED MODELS
When an engineer performs a force
analysis of any object, he or she
considers a corresponding analytical or
idealized model that gives results that
approximate as closely as possible the
actual situation.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
Draw Outlined Shape.
Imagine the body to be isolated
or cut “free” from its constraints
and connections and draw
(sketch) its outlined shape.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
Show All Forces and Couple Moments.
Identify all the known and unknown external
forces and couple moments that act on the body
. Those generally encountered are due to (1)
applied loadings, (2) reactions occurring at the
supports or at points of contact with other
bodies and (3) the weight of the body. To
account for all these effects, it may help to trace
over the boundary, carefully noting each force
or couple moment acting on it.
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
Identify Each Loading and Give Dimensions.
The forces and couple moments that are known
should be labeled with their proper magnitudes
and directions. Letters are used to represent the
magnitudes and direction angles of forces and
couple moments that are unknown. Establish an
x, y coordinate system so that these unknowns,
A , A , etc., can be identified. Finally, indicate the
x y

dimensions of the body necessary for


calculating the moments of forces.
IMPORTANT POINTS
• No equilibrium problem should be solved without first drawing the free-body
diagram , so as to account for all the forces and couple moments that act on the body.

• If a support prevents translation of a body in a particular direction, then the


support exerts a force on the body in that direction.

• If rotation is prevented , then the support exerts a couple moment on the body.

• Internal forces are never shown on the free-body diagram since they occur in equal
but opposite collinear pairs and therefore cancel out.

• The weight of a body is an external force, and its effect is represented by a single
resultant force acting through the body’s center of gravity G .

• Couple moments can be placed anywhere on the free-body diagram since they are
free vectors. Forces can act at any point along their lines of action since they are
sliding vectors .
EXAMPLE
Draw the free-body diagram of the uniform beam shown in the figure. The beam has a mass of
100 kg.
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
EXAMPLE
Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction on the beam caused by the pin at
B and the rocker at A as shown in the figure. Neglect the weight of the beam.

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