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14 Variable Sampling Plan - Student

This document discusses variable sampling techniques, including the Shainin Lot Plot Plan. The Shainin plan uses a histogram of subgroup sample means and ranges to evaluate whether a lot should be accepted or rejected. Samples of 10 subgroups of 5 items each are taken and the mean and range of each subgroup is calculated and plotted. Upper and lower lot limits are determined and the lot plot is evaluated against 11 different distribution types to make an acceptance decision. While the lot plot may not perfectly match the true distribution, it provides a simple and effective way to inspect lots with the goal of improving quality and lowering costs through feedback to producers of unacceptable lots.

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417 views17 pages

14 Variable Sampling Plan - Student

This document discusses variable sampling techniques, including the Shainin Lot Plot Plan. The Shainin plan uses a histogram of subgroup sample means and ranges to evaluate whether a lot should be accepted or rejected. Samples of 10 subgroups of 5 items each are taken and the mean and range of each subgroup is calculated and plotted. Upper and lower lot limits are determined and the lot plot is evaluated against 11 different distribution types to make an acceptance decision. While the lot plot may not perfectly match the true distribution, it provides a simple and effective way to inspect lots with the goal of improving quality and lowering costs through feedback to producers of unacceptable lots.

Uploaded by

soonvy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sampling Techniques

by
Variables
Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew
School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering
Engineering Campus
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Topic Outcome:
 At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
variable sampling.
 Describe the Shainin Lot Plot Plan.
Outline:
 An Introduction.
 Types of Sampling Plan.
- Shainin Lot Plot Plan.
- ANSI/ASQ Z1.9
 Variability Unknown
Standard Deviation Method
Range Method
 Variability known
An Introduction
 When a quality characteristic is measurable on a
continuous scale, and is know to have a distribution of a
specific type (e.g. normal distribution); it is possible to use
a sampling based on sample measurements such as:
Mean and
Standard Deviation.
 Variables Sampling Plans.
Population

Sample
LSL USL
Compare

LSL USL

ACCEPT Compare to required Quality Level REJECT


pu
pL
- +

LSL USL

Percent nonconforming below and above specifications.


 Advantages of Variable Sampling Plan:
 Same protection with smaller sample size.
 Feedback of data on Process.
 Extent of conformity given weightage.
 Errors in measurement more likely detected.
 Disadvantages of Variable Sampling Plan:
 Applicable to only one quality characteristic at a time.
 Higher inspection cost – Measurement.
 Higher clerical cost – Calculation.
 Possibility of no nonconformity in a rejected lot.
 Dependence on assumption of distribution shape.
Types of Variable Sampling Plan
Variable Sampling Plan

Percent nonconforming Process Parameter

To determine the To control the average


proportion of product that and standard deviation of
is outside specification the distribution of the
product to specified level
E.g.:
E.g.: E.g.:
Shainin
Shaininlot
lot plot
plot Acceptance control chart
ANSI/ASQ
ANSI/ASQZ1.9-1993
Z1.9-1993 Sequential sampling for variables
Hypothesis testing
Shainin Lot Plot Plan
 Developed by Dorian Shainin (Hamilton Standard Division
of United Aircraft Corporation, 1950).
 The plan uses a plotted frequency distribution
(histogram) to evaluate a sample for decisions
(accept/reject a lot).
 It is a practical plan for in-house inspection & receiving
inspection.
 Advantages:
 Applicable to both normal and non-normal frequency
distributions.
 Simple to use.
Lot Plotting Method

 The method for obtaining the lot plots is as follows:


 A random sample of 10 subgroups (g) of 5 each for a
total of 50 items is obtained from the lot.
 The average, X-bar and range, R, are calculated for
each subgroup.
 A histogram is constructed (number of cell: 7-16).
 Calculate the average of averages, X-double bar, and
average of ranges, R-bar.
 Calculate the upper and lower lot limits (ULL & LLL)
Q&A
 X 976.8
X   97.7
g 10
3
 R 13.7
control R   1.37
limits g 10

3R (3)(1.37)
ULL  X   97.7   99.5
d2 2.326
3R (3)(1.37)
LLL  X   97.7   95.9
d2 2.326

Chart for Ranges:


Factor for Central Line  d2
 Fig 10-14: Lot plot histogram
Lot Plot Evaluation
 Decision is based on a comparison of the lot plot with 11
different types of lot plots.
Type Distribution Comments
-within spec.limits
1
- accepted without calculate lot limits.
-lot limits within spec. limits.
2
normal -accept.
3 -lot limits outside spec. limits.
-percentage of product beyond spec is obtained.
4
-Review board determines the final disposition of the stock.
5 skrewed
nonnormal
6 Lot was screened & sorted
7 Bimodal condition
8
nonnormal Lot was screened & sorted
9
10 Bimodal condition
11 Stray values
Summary

 Once learned, the lot plot procedure is relatively simple and


has resulted in improved quality and lower inspection
cost.
 Unacceptable lots are returned to the producer, and this
action will cause a subsequent improvement in quality.
 Inspectors can accept lots; however, disposition of
unsatisfactory lots is left to a material-review board.
 Many users of the lot plot method have modified the Shainin
method for their own situation.
 The major criticism of the plan is that the shape of the plot
does not always give an accurate indication of the true
distribution. Shainin states that the plot is close enough to
have no practical effect on the final decision, or if there are
any errors, they are in a safe direction.
End

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