Scribd
Upload
50 views

Steady State Plug Flow Reactor: Hernandez Pine

Plug flow reactors are usually operated continuously at steady-state apart from start-up and shutdown. They can be used for gas-phase or liquid-phase reactions. The plug flow reactor model is frequently used when the reacting system flows at high velocity through an empty or packed vessel. Types of plug flow reactors include empty tubes, tubes packed with a fixed-bed of catalyst particles, and tubes with catalyst particles packed inside or outside. The design equation for a plug flow reactor relates the input and output flows and rates of reaction and accumulation in the reactor.

Uploaded by

Jovelyn Bejec Lanticse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views

Steady State Plug Flow Reactor: Hernandez Pine

Plug flow reactors are usually operated continuously at steady-state apart from start-up and shutdown. They can be used for gas-phase or liquid-phase reactions. The plug flow reactor model is frequently used when the reacting system flows at high velocity through an empty or packed vessel. Types of plug flow reactors include empty tubes, tubes packed with a fixed-bed of catalyst particles, and tubes with catalyst particles packed inside or outside. The design equation for a plug flow reactor relates the input and output flows and rates of reaction and accumulation in the reactor.

Uploaded by

Jovelyn Bejec Lanticse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Steady State

Plug Flow Reactor


Hernandez│Pine
Plug Flow Reactor
• usually operated continuously at steady-state, apart from start-up and s
hutdown periods
• may be used for either gas-phase or liquid-phase reactions

2
Uses of a PFR
Add an image

PF R
The PFR model is frequently used for a reactor
in which the reacting system (gas or liquid) flo
ws at relatively high velocity (high Re, to approa
ch PF) through an otherwise empty vessel or o
ne that may be packed with solid particles. The
reactor may be used in large-scale operation f
or commercial production, or in laboratory- or
pilot-scale operation to obtain design data.
Types of PFR

a. b. c.

Many single-phase The reactor incorpo Figure (c) also repre


reactions, such as t rates a fixed-bed of sents a fixed-bed ca
he dehydrogenatio solid particles of cat talytic reactor, but
n of ethane for pro alyst; that is, the pa one in which the ca
duction of ethylene, rticles do not move. talyst particles are
take place in reacto The arrangement in packed either insid
rs represented by a (b) is for adiabatic o e or outside of tube
n empty tube or ve peration. s.
ssel
Design Equation for a PFR

Material Balance
input = output + disappearance by reaction + accumulatio
n

accumulation = 0 (for steady state)

input of A, moles/time = FA

output of A, moles/time = FA + dFA

disappearance of A by reaction, moles/time = (-rA)dV

  Equation A Equation B

Since

6
Design Equation for a PFR

 General expressions for A and B would be: Equations A and B would be:

For constant density system:

7
Constant Density

• For systems of changing density it is more convenient to use conversions; h


owever, there is no particular preference for constant density systems.
• Whatever its form, the performance equations interrelate the rate of reacti
on, the extent of reaction, the reactor volume, and the feed rate, and if any on
e of these quantities is unknown it can be found from the other three.

8
Kinetic Expressions in Eq. A

𝑉 𝐶𝐴 0
𝑘𝜏= =𝐶 𝐴 0 𝑋 𝐴
𝐹𝐴 0   

First-order reversible reaction


Zero order homogeneous reaction  

Second-order irreversible reaction


First-order irreversible reaction  
 
Or
 
 
Where the density is constant, put to obtain the simplified performa
ce equation.

9
Constant and
Varying Densit  • For systems of constant density (constant-volume batch
and constant-density plug flow) the performance equatio

ies ns are identical, for plug flow is equivalent to t for the bat
ch reactor, and the equations can be used interchangeab
ly.
• For systems of changing density there is no direct corres
pondence between the batch and the plug flow equation
s and the correct equation must be used for each particu
lar situation. In this case the performance equations can
not be used interchangeably.

10
Holding Time and Space Time for Flow Reactors

Add an image Space Time


Time needed to treat one reactor volume of feed
Add an image
  𝑋𝐴
𝑑 𝑋𝐴
𝑡=𝐶 𝐴0 ∫ 𝑉 𝐶𝐴0
0 (− 𝑟 𝐴 ) ( 1+𝜀 𝐴 𝑋 𝐴 )  

𝜏= =
𝑉
𝐹𝐴0 𝑣0

Holding Time
The residence time of flowing material in the reactor

11
Constant Density Sys
tems
 

Note that the value of t depends on what happens in the reacto


r, while the value of τ is independent of what happens in the rea
ctor.

12
 
Performance Equations for nth Order Kinetics and
 
Performance Equations for nth Order Kinetics and
A homogeneous gas reaction has a reported rate at 215 °C

Find the space-time needed for 80% conversion of a 50% A-50% inert feed
 to a plug flow reactor operating at 215 °C and 5 atm ().

15
A homogeneous gas decomposition of phosphine proceeds at 649 °C wi
th the first order rate

What size of plug flow reactor operating at 649 °C and 460 kPa can prod
uce 80% conversion of feed consisting of 40 mol of pure phosphine per
hour?
 

16
Thank You!

You might also like