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PN Sequence Generator USING MAT LAB

This document describes a pseudo-noise sequence generator that uses a linear feedback shift register. A pseudo-noise sequence is a binary sequence with noise-like properties generated by a linear feedback shift register. A linear feedback shift register consists of flip-flops connected in a shift register configuration with feedback taps that are XOR-ed together. At each clock cycle, the state of each flip-flop shifts to the next and the feedback is XOR-ed to generate a pseudo-random binary sequence. These generators are used to generate test patterns in integrated circuit testing and spreading codes in CDMA, FDMA, and PCM communications.

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Chaitanya Stndt
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152 views

PN Sequence Generator USING MAT LAB

This document describes a pseudo-noise sequence generator that uses a linear feedback shift register. A pseudo-noise sequence is a binary sequence with noise-like properties generated by a linear feedback shift register. A linear feedback shift register consists of flip-flops connected in a shift register configuration with feedback taps that are XOR-ed together. At each clock cycle, the state of each flip-flop shifts to the next and the feedback is XOR-ed to generate a pseudo-random binary sequence. These generators are used to generate test patterns in integrated circuit testing and spreading codes in CDMA, FDMA, and PCM communications.

Uploaded by

Chaitanya Stndt
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PN SEQUENCE GENERATOR

USING MAT LAB

BY
S.Dileep
07891A0426
WHAT IS PN SEQUENCE GENERATOR?

 Pseudo random Noise sequence generator is a circuit


which generates pseudo random noise sequences.

A pseudo- noise sequence is a binary sequence with a


noise like wave form that usually generated by means of
a Linear feedback shift registers.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LINEAR FEEDBACK SHIFT
REGISTER
WHAT IS LINEAR FEEDBACK SHIFT
REGISTER?

 A Feedback shift register consists of an ordinary shift register made


up of m Flip-Flops .
 The flip-flops in the shift register are regulated by a single timing
clock.
 At each pulse of the clock, the state of each flip-flop is shifted to
the next one i.e. the contents of the register is shifted right by one
position at each clock cycle.
 The feedback from the left most register are XOR- ed together, to
give a random sequence.
 But this binary sequence is not totally random, because it does
repeat after many cycles, that’s why it is so called as pseudo
random noise sequence generator.
SHIFT REGISTER
LENGTH:
 This is often referred to as the degree, and in general, the longer the
shift register, the longer the duration of the pn sequence before it
repeats.
 The combination of taps and their location is often referred to as a
polynomial, and expressed as:

P(x)=1+x^2+x^3
 Where the leading ‘1’ represents x^0, which is the output of the last
register, x^2 is the output of register stage 3 and x^3 the output of
XOR.
 A maximal sequence for a shift register of length L is referred as m-
sequence, and is defined as:
L=2^m-1.
PN SEQUENCE
APPLICATIONS :

 These pn sequence generators are widely used in Cmos


testing process as to generate test patterns.

 And also used to generate spreading codes in


CDMA,FDMA and PCM.
PROPERTIES:

 In each period of a maximal – length sequence, the number of 1’s is


always one more than the number of 0’s.This property is called as
the Balance property.
Example:
101000111101001
 Among the runs of 1’s and of 0’s in each period of a maximal-length
sequence, one half the runs of each kind are of length one, one
fourth are of a length two, one- eighth are of length three, and so on
as long as these fractions represent meaningful numbers of runs.
This property is called the Run property.
 The autocorrelation function of a maximal-length sequence is
periodic and binary value. This property is called as correlation
property.
PN sequences have single autocorrelation peak, this feature
permits the transmission to be asynchronous.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES :

Advantages: Disadvantages:

 The sequences generated by an  Cross correlation properties are


LFSR can be nearly random with good for more than two users.
long periods, which aids in That’s why we go for gold
making the spread signal appear sequences.
noise like.
 Easy of implementation.
 Output of lfsr is periodic.
 For any given size of LFSR, a
maximum of different unique m-
sequences can be generated .
THANK YOU

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