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DEMOGRAPHY

Demography is the scientific study of human populations and includes changes in population size, composition, and distribution. Key aspects of demography include fertility rates, mortality rates, marriage rates, migration, and social mobility. Demographic data is important for planning health services and is obtained from sources like censuses, vital registration systems, and surveys. Currently, overpopulation in developing countries, population aging in developed countries, and an uneven global population growth rate are contributing to global demographic problems relating to the environment, conflicts, poverty, and urbanization.

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Elnie Grace Balajadia
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156 views

DEMOGRAPHY

Demography is the scientific study of human populations and includes changes in population size, composition, and distribution. Key aspects of demography include fertility rates, mortality rates, marriage rates, migration, and social mobility. Demographic data is important for planning health services and is obtained from sources like censuses, vital registration systems, and surveys. Currently, overpopulation in developing countries, population aging in developed countries, and an uneven global population growth rate are contributing to global demographic problems relating to the environment, conflicts, poverty, and urbanization.

Uploaded by

Elnie Grace Balajadia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEMOGRA

PHY
DEMOGRAPHY
• Is the scientific study of human
population in which includes study of
changes in population size,
composition and its distribution.
• “Demo” means “the people” and
“graphy” means “measurement”
• Demos = Population, Graphy =
Picture
Demography as the statistical study
of human populations with regard to
their size and structure, there
compositions by sex, age, marital
status and changes to these
population like birth rate and date
rate.
-David and Julia Gary
Importance Of Demographic
Data
 Health status lf community
depends upon the dynamic
relationship between number of
people, their composition and
distribution.
 Planning of health services can be
guided by demographic variables ,
Element of Demography
 Size – increase or decrease
 Composition – sex and age
group
 Distribution - territory
SOURCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC
DATA
 Population censuses like population
count.
 Vital registration statistic system like
birth, death, marriage, and divorce
 Sample or Special Surveys like
surveys of household
 Demographic data gathered and
processed by the government
Demographic Processes
 It deals with the five demographic
processes
• Fertility
• Morality
• Marriage
• Migration
• Social Morbility
Demographic Cycle(stage)
The demographic cycle, or population cycle,
refers to the evolution over time of the population
profile of a country, region or other defined
geographical area. A population cycle theory has
been postulated in terms of the socio-economic
history of industrialized countries. Four stages of
population change have been identified in the
demographic cycle:
• the first high stationary phase marked by
high birth and high death rates and relatively
low population;
• the second phase with uneven
population density due to increased
urbanization and industrialization;
• the third phase where the birth and
death rates are much lower resulting in a
relatively steady population growth; and
• the fourth phase of population cycle
which is characterized by stagnation or
an actual decline in the total population of
a country due to an excess of deaths over
births.
Currently, the global demographic problem manifests itself in
such aspects and trends as:

• Fast population growth (overpopulation


of territories) in the developing
countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin
America (over 80% according to some
estimates and about 95% according to
other estimates), which are
characterized by a low space economy;
• Most Third World countries have no
population growth control or clear
demographic policy;
• Ageing and depopulation resulting from
narrowed population reproduction
(demographic crisis) in industrialized
countries, primarily in Western Europe;
• Uneven population growth worldwide;
• Population reproduction growth typical
of the planet when mortality decline is
not matched with birthrate decline.
It is characteristic that the lower the economic level
of a country and the quality of life of its citizens the
higher its birthrate; and conversely, there is a
sustained tendency of birthrate decline with high
economic growth, resulting in the fact that the elderly
become a majority (converse proportionate
relationship).
The intensity of the global demographic problem
derives from its environmental implications: the
current population of the planet exceeds by ten times
the limit the Earth can support. Population density
and growth outpace the capacity and technology of
agricultural production to meet growing food
demands and the need to intensify the economy.
According to social scientists, the reasons why
the current demographic problem has acquired a
global character lie in the so-called “demographic
boom” of the second half of the 20th century, when
after World War II appropriate conditions formed
for population growth and longer average life
expectancy. It is believed that every second the
world population increases by three people.
The demographic boom and uneven
population growth in different regions lead to
the aggravation of associated global problems,
for example:
• demographic pressure on the environment;
• ethnic and intercultural problems (interethnic
and intercultural conflicts);
• immigration and migration;
• destitution, poverty, and food shortages;
• urbanization (“slum urbanization”);
• unemployment, production forces placement
deformation etc.
 The demographic problem is one of the most
important and problematic. First, no clear and,
more importantly, legally and ethically acceptable
world mechanism has yet been developed to
decrease the population growth rate. Second,
even from the financial point of view the problem
is hard to solve due to the paradox of reverse
proportionate dependence between the standard
of living and birthrate in various countries.
 Proposals to resolve demographic problems of
the global world have special value in light of their
complex character. We would be grateful to users
of our website for new statistical data, analysis,
ideas, projects and solutions in this field.

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