Application of

Biotechnology in Food,
Pharmaceuticals and
Agriculture Industries.

LOV SAXENA
CSJMA1600139020
4
CHEMICAL (4TH
 GM- Planting Mats. & Hybrids r-DNA Products, Vaccines & Diagnostics
Micro-propagation Monoclonal
Bio-fertilizers & Bio-pesticides Antibodies Stem Cells
Animal Improvement Tissue Specific delivery methods

Agriculture Health Care

BIOTECH APPLICATIONS

Environment Industry

Enzymes
Soil & Water remediation Fermentation based Products & Food
Bio-safety & GMOs
Biotech Instruments & Equipment
Bio-energy & Bio-fuel
Bioinformatics, Bio-mining
Application of Biotechnology in Food
Industry
• Food biotechnology is the application of technology
to modify genes of animals, plants, and
microorganisms to create new species which have
desired production, marketing, or nutrition related
properties.

• Biotechnology includes a wide range of diverse

technologies and they may be applied in each of the
different food and agriculture sectors.
• Biotechnology in food processing sector plays an
important role in food fermentations, food additives and
processing aids, food safety through advances in microbial
genetics, detection of pathogens, mycotoxin detection and
identification of foods and food ingredients.

• Biotechnology in the food processing sector targets

selection and improvement of microorganisms with the
objectives of improving process control , yields and the
efficiency as well as the quality, safety and consistency of
bioprocessed products.
Examples:
 Emulsifiers:
• Acacia gum is predominantly used as an emulsifier in the food
industry due to its emulsifying and stabilization properties.
Using new molecular tools, emulsifiers are now synthesized
from covalently coupled carbohydrates like starch, pectin,
sugar and proteins from wheat, milk and soya bean.

 Peanut Allergy Testing:

• Many people have been found to display allergic reactions
after eating peanuts. To combat this problem, it is essential to
identify the cause of this allergy. For this purpose, a highly
sensitive immunological assay has been developed by a
Netherland based company to detect peanut proteins in foods.
This is the first peanut assay with commercial applications.
 Effective Monitoring:

• Scientists are developing versatile gastrointestinal models for detailed

monitoring of digestibility, bioconversion and biodegradability of
foods and drugs and contaminants from the point of safety and
functionality. These models are now used for studying the digestive
effect of nutraceutical foods

 Calcium Intake:

• One of the most important and innovative applications of

biotechnology is to improve the calcium level in our foodstuff
Researchers have shown that oligo-fructose, a naturally occurring,
low-digestible oligosaccharide, increases calcium absorption by as
much as twenty two per cent. Such studies can open the floodgates
for new areas of health application and new classes of ingredients.
These findings can be used to create new products in dairy, bakery,
confectionery and drinks.
 Foods from Microbes

• While brewing and baking have existed for ages, we are

now using genetically pure strains in the process. Studies
show that nearly 1.5 million tons of bakers’ yeast
{Saccharomyces cervisiae) is produced throughout the
world every year. Modern plants have also reduced the
time required in the fermentation process from months to
days. Similarly, the fungus Aspergillus oryzae is being
used to produce a wide range of important enzymes.
Application of Biotechnology in
Pharmaceutical Industry
• Biotechnology is the science which combines biology with
technology that is being used rampantly in pharmaceutical sector.
This science has proved to be a boon especially in manufacturing
of vaccinations and genetic testing.

• Manufacturing of vaccines: Every pharmaceutical company aims

at producing products that can help tackle severe health problems
and benefit the society in a major way. With the increase in
population, changing lifestyles and economies the entire world is
facing health problems and diseases that are tough to cure.
• Biotechnology has successfully found cure for numerous
diseases including cardiovascular disorders, arthritis,
Hepatitis B, bone fractures etc. By investing heavily in
biotechnological research and testing many pharma
manufacturers have been able to find solutions to diseases
that at a point of time were considered to be incurable.

• This science thus has helped in busting myths and scientists

even now are studying this science and the benefits it can
bring to us.
• Biotechnology evolved in early 90s worldwide and
within a span of almost 2 decades this science has
changed the way a pharmaceutical company
functions.

• Biotech makes use of molecule products and

concepts which is also the prerequisite of pharma
manufacturing companies.

• The production costs of biotech based products are

cheaper and this is a major reason why the pharma
industry embraced this technology and has made it
an indispensable part of its own self.
 Examples:
 Insulin:
• It is an important hormone regulating glucose levels.
• Anti-haemophilic Factor:
• It is an important material purified from human blood, and used
in the treatment of haemophilia. Action has proved difficult
because of infection of haemophiliacs with AIDS virus.
• Gene therapy:
• Is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease.  It
derives its name from the idea that DNA can be used to
supplement or alter genes within an individual's cells as a
therapy to treat disease  The most common form of gene
therapy involves using DNA that encodes a functional,
therapeutic gene to replace a mutated gene.
• Human Serum Albumin:
• It is one of the most common blood proteins used in the
treatment of shock injuries such as burns.
• Engineered Enzymes:
• These enzymes are used to treat a range of conditions from
cardiac diseases to renal failure, to certain types of inherited
enzyme deficiencies.
• Rapid advances are continuously being made in the field,
and new horizons include the development of enzymes like
biosensors or bio electrodes to monitor many physiological
processes.
Application of Biotechnology in
Agri Industry
Many forms of human-derived agriculture clearly fit the broad
definition of "'utilizing a biotechnological system to make
products". Indeed, the cultivation of plants may be viewed as the
earliest biotechnological enterprise.

• Agriculture has been theorized to have become the dominant

way of producing food since the Neolithic Revolution.

• Applications of biotechnology to plants or animals to improve

their food processing properties (e.g. development of the Flavr
Savr tomato variety, genetically modified to reduce its ripening
rate) or to produce proteins from genetically modified (GM)
microorganisms to improve plant or animal production (e.g.
production of bovine somato tropin (BST), a hormone increasing
milk production in dairy cows, by GM bacteria) are not
considered here.
 Gene technology can be used in agriculture and
food
production to…..

• increase crop or animal resistance to pests while reducing

the use of chemicals.

• increase crop or animal tolerance to chemicals that are used

to kill harmful pests.

• create disease resistance in crops and animals.

• improve the food yield per plant or animal.

• make plants and animals more suited to

environmental conditions e.g. drier regions or salty water.

• improve the nutritional quality of the food produced by the

plant or animal.
• Genetically modified crops ("GM crops", or "biotech crops")
are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been
modified with genetic engineering techniques. In most cases
the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not
occur naturally in the species.
 FLOWERS:

• There is some simply aesthetic application and an example of this is

the use of gene recognition and transfer techniques to improve the
color, smell, size and other features of flowers. Similarly, biotech has
been used to make improvement to other common ornamental plants,
in particular, shrubs and trees. Some of these changes are similar to
those made to crops, such as enhancing cold confrontation of a breed
of tropical plant, so it can be grown in northern gardens.

 BIOFUELS :
• The agricultural industry plays a big role in the biofuels industry, as
long as the feedstock's for fermentation and cleansing of bio-oil, bio-
diesel and bio-ethanol. Genetic engineering and enzyme optimization
technique are being used to develop improved quality feedstocks for
more efficient change and higher BTU outputs of the resulting fuel
products.