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Vertex College of Nursing Abbottabad: Hamza Ishtiaq BSN Semester 4Th Adult Health Nursing 2 DATE 09 Nov, 2018 Sir Abid

Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways causing difficulty breathing. It can be triggered by allergens, changes in temperature, pollution, stress, and certain medications. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Diagnosis involves physical exam, spirometry, and chest imaging. Treatment focuses on bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and avoiding triggers to manage symptoms and prevent complications like respiratory failure. Nursing care includes monitoring for hypoxia, positioning, teaching inhaler techniques, and providing health education.

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43 views21 pages

Vertex College of Nursing Abbottabad: Hamza Ishtiaq BSN Semester 4Th Adult Health Nursing 2 DATE 09 Nov, 2018 Sir Abid

Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways causing difficulty breathing. It can be triggered by allergens, changes in temperature, pollution, stress, and certain medications. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Diagnosis involves physical exam, spirometry, and chest imaging. Treatment focuses on bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and avoiding triggers to manage symptoms and prevent complications like respiratory failure. Nursing care includes monitoring for hypoxia, positioning, teaching inhaler techniques, and providing health education.

Uploaded by

Hamza Ishtiaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Vertex College Of Nursing

Abbottabad

HAMZA ISHTIAQ
BSN SEMESTER 4TH
ADULT HEALTH NURSING 2
DATE 09 Nov, 2018
SIR ABID
ASTHMA
• Add your text here
Objectives
Definition of asthma.
Explain Pathophysiology of asthma.
Explain types of asthma.
Explain causes of asthma.
Explain risk factor of asthma.
Explain Clinical Manifestation of asthma.
How to diagnose asthma.
Explain Medical & nursing management of
asthma.
Asthma
A respiratory condition marked by attacks of
spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing
difficulty in breathing. It is usually connected to
allergic reaction or other forms of
hypersensitivity.
or
A common lung disorder in which inflammation
causes the bronchi to swell and narrow the
airways, creating breathing difficulties that may
range from mild to life-threatening.
Pathophysiology
• Asthma is an inflammatory disease of
the lung. This inflammatory process
can occur along the entire airway
from the nose to the lung. Once the
airway becomes swollen and
inflamed, it becomes narrower, and
less air gets through to the lung
tissue.
• Airway inflammation leading to airway
hyperresponsiveness, obstruction, mucus hyper-
production and airway wall remodeling.
Types
• Asthma is sometimes classified in two types:

1. Intrinsic (also called nonallergic asthma)


2. Extrinsic (also called allergic asthma)
• EXTRINSIC
Extrinsic asthma is more common than intrinsic
asthma.
In extrinsic asthma, symptoms are triggered by
an allergen (such as dust mites, pet dander,
pollen, or mold).
• The immune system overreacts, producing
too much of a substance (called IgE)
throughout the body.
• INTRINSIC
Non-Allergic (intrinsic) asthma is triggered
by factors not related to allergies.(Such as
exercise & cold air).
Non-allergic asthma is characterized by
airway obstruction and inflammation that is
at least partially reversible with medication.
Causes
1. Environmental factors
 Change in temperature mostly cold air.
 Change in humidity - dry air.
2. Atmospheric pollutants
 Cigarette
 Industrial smoke
 ozone
3. Allergen inhalation
 Food treated with sulphate (Dried fruits)
 Beer & wine
4. Stress / Emotional upset
5. Medication
 NSAIDs & β-blockers.
6. Strong odours and perfumes.
Risk Factors
 Family history
 Passive smoking
 History of allergen
 Obesity
 Low birth weight
 Regular use of NSAIDs
Clinical Manifestation
 Coughing (All night & early in morning)
 Wheezing or whistling sounds when
breathing
 Shortness of breath (Dyspnoea)
 Chest tightness
 Chest pain
 Rapid breathing
 Mucus in the airways
 Prolong expiration
 Hypoxemia
Attack of asthma may be for few minutes or
hours.
Diagnostic Evaluation
 Physical examination.
 History collection.
 Spirometry.
 ABG (Atrial blood gas analysis) for
hypoxemia & increased CO2
acidosis.
 Chest X-ray (for hyperinflation of
lung)
 Auscultation ( Wheezing sound)
Complications
 Respiratory failure.
 Pneumonia
 Cardiac arrest
 Atelectasis (collapse or closure of a
lung)
 Status Asthmaticus
Medical Management
1. Bronchodilator: They causes widening
of airway by relaxing bronchial smooth
muscle.
Example; Salbutamol

2. Xanthine derivatives: Relaxes smooth


muscles epecially of bronchi.
Example; Theophylline
3. Corticosteroids
4. Anticholinergic; e.g, Atropine Sulphte
(Nebulizer)
Nursing Management
 Provide drugs as prescribed.
 Nebulize the patient with anticholinergic
drugs.
 Monitors ABGs, pulse oximetry to detect
hypoxia.
 Elevate head of bed ( Fowler's or semi
fowler position)
 Teach the technique to use inhalers.
 Provide mucolytics.
Health Education
• Avoid allergens
• Avoid extreme cold weather
• Avoid mouth breathing
• Avoid contact with viral infec
• Avoid smoking
References
• Medical surgical nursing book by P.K.
Panwar
• https://www.healthline.com
• www.google.com/images
• https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca

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