Scribd
Upload
12 views

Unit 3 - Energy, Motion, and Force: Essential Questions

This document outlines a unit on energy, motion, and force. It includes 5 lessons that cover different topics: forms of energy, thermal and chemical energy, speed, gravity and mass, and Newton's laws of motion. Each lesson includes vocabulary, concepts, and hands-on labs to reinforce the material, such as building paper airplanes to understand how design affects flight.

Uploaded by

nona wayne dela peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Unit 3 - Energy, Motion, and Force: Essential Questions

This document outlines a unit on energy, motion, and force. It includes 5 lessons that cover different topics: forms of energy, thermal and chemical energy, speed, gravity and mass, and Newton's laws of motion. Each lesson includes vocabulary, concepts, and hands-on labs to reinforce the material, such as building paper airplanes to understand how design affects flight.

Uploaded by

nona wayne dela peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Unit 3 – Energy,

Motion, and Force

Essential Questions
•What is energy?
•What forms can energy take?
•How does speed change?
•Why do things fall?
•How do things move?
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 1 – Energy:
Vocabulary
•energy
•kinetic energy
•potential energy
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 1 – Energy
•Energy is the ability to cause change.
•Energy can change the temperature,
shape, speed, or direction of an object.
•Any change of energy from one form to
another is called an energy
transformation.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 1 – Energy (cont.)


•Kinetic energy is the energy of objects in motion.
•The amount of kinetic energy an object has
depends on the mass and speed of the object.
•Potential energy is energy that is stored (position
or condition) and can be used later.
•The more kinetic energy an object has, the less
potential energy it has, and vice versa.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 2 – Thermal and


Chemical Energy: Vocabulary
•temperature
•thermal energy
•heat
•radiation conduction convection
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 2 – Thermal and


Chemical Energy
•Temperature is the measure of the average
kinetic energy of the particles in any object.
•The greater the average kinetic energy is, the
higher an object’s temperature is.
•The three scale systems used to divide changes
in kinetic energy are: Fahrenheit (32º F, 212º F),
Celsius (0º C, 100º C), and Kelvin (273 K) [0 K]
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 2 – Thermal and


Chemical Energy (cont.)
•Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the
particles in a material.
•Thermal energy flows from a warmer object to a
cooler one. This transfer is called heat.
•The same amount of heat transferred to different
materials may not result in the same temperature
change due to the makeup and amount of
material.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 2 – Thermal and


Chemical Energy: Which
Absorbs More? Lab – Day 1
•Step 1) Question: Which material can
absorb and/ or release the most thermal
energy?
•Step 2) Research: Use the materials
provided by the teacher.
•Step 3) Hypothesis:
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 2 – Thermal and
Chemical Energy: Which
Absorbs More? Lab – Day 1(cont.)
•Step 4) Procedures:
– a) Fill each coffee can (2) about 2/3’s full with hot
tap water.
– b) Pour equal amounts of the two chosen room
temperature liquids into each bag and seal.
– c) Record the starting water temperature of each
can.
–d) Place each bag in its can and record the
temperature every two minutes.
–e) Repeat the entire experiment using two coffee
cans of cold water.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 2 – Thermal and
Chemical Energy: Which
Absorbs More? Lab – Day 2
•Step 5) Perform:
•Step 6) Data Table: {NEXT SLIDE} (Day 1)
•Step 7) Interpret Data:
•Step 8) Conclusion:
– Explain, based on your data, which material
absorbed more and which released more. Why?
– Refer to your hypothesis.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 2 – Thermal and


Chemical Energy: Which Absorbs
More? Lab – Day 2 (cont.)
Water Temperatures – Hot (Cold) Coffee Cans
______-filled bag ______-filled bag
Time (m) Temp. (º C) Time (m) Temp. (º C)
0 0
2 2
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 2 – Thermal and


Chemical Energy (cont.)
•Energy is stored in the bonds between
particles in a substance. This stored
(potential) energy within chemical bonds is
called chemical energy.
•To break bonds energy must be added. This
energy can be supplied by electricity, heat,
light, or motion, depending on the reaction.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 2 – Thermal and
Chemical Energy (cont.)
•A reaction that absorbs energy is endothermic
(ex. photosynthesis).
•A reaction that gives off energy is exothermic
(ex. burning charcoal).
•The rate of a chemical reaction can be sped up
or slowed down by changing the temperature,
stirring the mixture, or adding a catalyst. A
catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a
chemical reaction without any change to its own
structure.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed:
Vocabulary
•average speed
•acceleration
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed
•To calculate average speed, you divide the
distance traveled by the time it takes to
travel this distance.
#1) average speed (AS) =
total distance traveled (d) / time (t)
{AS=d/t, m/s}
•A rate is an expression, like 2 m/s, in which the
denominator is time. Speed is the rate at which
an object covers a distance.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed (cont.)


•Acceleration is the rate at which speed or
direction changes.
#2) acceleration (a) =
Change in speed (AS) / time (t)
{a=AS/t, m/s²}
•If an object is slowing down its acceleration
is negative. We call this deceleration.
Acceleration Animation
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed : Which is


the Fastest? Lab – Day 1
•Step 1) Question: Can time trials be
used to predict the winner of a race?
•Step 2) Research: Use the materials
provided by the teacher.
•Step 3) Hypothesis:
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed : Which


is the Fastest? Lab – Day 1 (cont.)
•Step 4) Procedures:
– a) Set up a straightaway using two meter sticks.
Use tape to make a starting line at the zero of the
meter sticks.
– b) Push a car, with steady force, from the zero line
and time how long it takes to reach the end of the
meter sticks.
– c) Repeat this two more times with each car and
record your data.
–d) Calculate the average time and distance.
–e) Calculate the average speed.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed : Which


Is the Fastest? Lab – Day 2
•Step 5) Perform:
•Step 6) Data Table: {NEXT SLIDE} (Day 1)
•Step 7) Interpret Data:
•Step 8) Conclusion:
– How did your car do in each of the
races? Why?
– Refer to your hypothesis.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 3 – Speed : Which is


the Fastest? Lab– Day 2 (cont.)
Time Trials Data
Car ________ Time (s) Distance (m)
Trial 1 1
Trial 2 1
Trial 3 1
Average 1
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 4 – Gravity and


Mass: Vocabulary
•gravity
•force
•weight
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 4 – Gravity and Mass


•Gravity is the attraction between all matter.
•On Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is
9.8 m/s².
•A force is a push or a pull.
•The downward force of gravity on you is
called your weight.
•The upward force of the ground is called
the normal force.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 4 – Gravity and Mass (cont.)


•When the forces acting on an object cancel each
other out, the forces are balanced forces.
#3) Force (F) = mass (m) x acceleration (a)
{F=ma, N}
•Mass measures the quantity of matter.
#4) Weight (w) = mass (m) x acceleration due to
gravity
{w=m(9.8m/s²), N}
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force

Lesson 5 – Newton’s
Laws of Motion:
Vocabulary
•friction
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 5 – Newton’s
Laws of Motion
•Newton’s Laws of Motion:
– First Law: An object a rest will stay at rest or an
object in motion will stay in motion until an
unbalanced force acts on it.
–Second Law: An object that has an unbalanced
force acting on it will accelerate in the direction of the
force.
–Third Law: Forces always occur in equal but
opposite pairs.
•Friction is a force that resists motion between two
objects in contact.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 5 – Newton’s
Laws of Motion :
Paper Airplane Lab – Day 1
•Step 1) Question: Will my research and testing
yield the paper airplane that will fly the farthest?
•Step 2) Research: Using the internet and non-
internet sources, locate at least 3 different
designs. [One partner must include a copy of
each design in their lab.]
•Step 3) Hypothesis:
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 5 – Newton’s
Laws of Motion :
Paper Airplane Lab– Day 1 (cont.)
•Step 4) Procedures:
– a) Using a single sheet of 8½ x 11 paper,
with the aid of only scissors and tape, build you
first design.
– b) Test it at least 4 times, recording the
results on the data table.
– c) Repeat this with the other two designs.
– d) Based on your data, use the best modified
design on “Final Test” day.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 5 – Newton’s
Laws of Motion :
Paper Airplane Lab – Day 2 - 5
•Step 5) Perform:
•Step 6) Data Table: {NEXT SLIDE} (Day 1)
•Step 7) Interpret Data:
•Step 8) Conclusion:
– How did your chosen design do in the “Final
Test”? Why?
– Refer to your hypothesis.
Unit 3 – Energy,
Motion, and Force
Lesson 5 – Newton’s
Laws of Motion :
Paper Airplane Lab – Day 2 – 5 (cont.)
Flight Data – Design # _____
Trial Flight Distance (m) Design Change
1
2
3
4

You might also like