Scribd
Upload
36 views

Chapter 15

This document discusses acids and bases, including the acid-base properties of water, calculating pH of solutions, and determining concentrations of hydrogen, hydroxide, and hydronium ions based on pH and pOH values. Key concepts covered include autoionization of water, the ion-product constant Kw, pH and pOH scales, and using Kw to calculate [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH in acidic and basic solutions.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Albager
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Chapter 15

This document discusses acids and bases, including the acid-base properties of water, calculating pH of solutions, and determining concentrations of hydrogen, hydroxide, and hydronium ions based on pH and pOH values. Key concepts covered include autoionization of water, the ion-product constant Kw, pH and pOH scales, and using Kw to calculate [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH in acidic and basic solutions.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Albager
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Chem110

Chapter 15
Acids and Bases
Objectives
By the end of this chapter you should
be able to:

 know the acid-base properties of water

 Calculate pH of solution

copyright of chemistry 110 development team 2


Outline

 15.2 the Acid-Base properties of water

 15.3 pH- a Measure of Acidity

copyright of chemistry 110 development team 3


Chapter 15
Acids and
• Acid: Substance that produces hydrogen ions in water Bases
solution.
HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl‐(aq)

• Base: Substance that produces hydroxide ions in water


solution.
NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH‐(aq)

• An acid neutralizes a base Acid + Base


H+(aq) + OH‐(aq) → H2O(ℓ)

copyright of chemistry 110 development team


Salt + Water
4
15.2 The Acid-Base Properties of Water Chapter 15
Acids and
• Water is unique solvent, it can act as acid or base. Bases

• In pure water, a few molecules act as bases and a few act as acids. This is referred to as
autoionization of water
H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq)
acid (1) + base (2) acid (2) + base (1)
• The equilibrium constant expression for this process is
Kc = [H3O+] [OH−] = [H+] [OH−]

• This special equilibrium constant is referred to as the ion-product constant for water, Kw

At 25°C, Kw = 1.0  10−14

Hydronium ion [H3O+] or [H+] Hydrogen ion


copyright of chemistry 110 development team 5
Chapter 15
• In pure water, Acids and
Bases

Kw = [H3O+] [OH−] = [H+] [OH−] = 1.0  10−14

Because in pure water [H3O+] = [OH−]

[H3O+] = [OH−] = (1.0  10−14)1/2 = 1.0  10−7

• In acidic solution [H3O+] > [OH−] or [H+] > [OH−]

• In basic solution [H3O+] < [OH−] or [H+] < [OH−]

copyright of chemistry 110 development team 6


Example 1 Calculate the [H+] ions in ammonia , [OH-] =0.0025 M

Kw = [H3O+] [OH−]= 1.0  10−14

[H3O+] = 1.0  10−14/ [OH−]

[H3O+] = 1.0  10−14/ 0.0025

[H3O+] = 4.0  10−12 M

Example 2 Calculate the [OH-] ions in a 1.3 M HCl.


Kw = [H3O+][OH−]= 1.0  10−14

[OH−] = 1.0  10−14/ [H3O+]

[OH−] = 1.0  10−14/ 1.3


[OH−] = 7.7  10 −15
M
copyright of chemistry 110 development team 7
15.3 pH - A Measure of Acidity Chapter 15
Acids and
Bases
• pH is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the
hydronium ion concentration.
pH = −log [H3O+] …. [H3O+] = 10-pH

• In the same manner pOH = −log [OH-] ….. [OH-] =10-pOH

• In the same manner pKw = −log [1.0×10-14 ] = 14

• In pure water, pH + pOH = 14 Kw = [H3O+] [OH−] = 1.0  10−14


-log Kw = -log [H3O+] – log [OH−] = -log 1.0  10−14
pH = pOH = 7 pKw = pH + pOH = 14

copyright of chemistry 110 development team 8


Chapter 15
Acids and
pH Range Bases

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Acidic Basic
Increase the acidity Increase the basisty
Neutral
[H+]>[OH-] [H+] = [OH-] [OH-]>[H+]
pH < 7 pH = pOH = 7 pH >7

pH is inversely proportional to [H+]


copyright of chemistry 110 development team 9
Determining [H3O+], [OH-], pH and pOH
Summary
Acidic solution Basic solution
[H3O+] x [OH-] = Kw = 1.0 x10-14

Kw / [H3O+]
[H3O ] +
[OH-]
Kw / [OH-]

-log [H3O+] -log [OH-]


10-pH 10-pOH

14 - pH
pH pOH
14 - pOH
pH + pOH = pKw = 14
copyright of chemistry 110 development team 10
Example 3 What is the pH ?
a) The [H+]=3.2 x 10–4 M
b) The [H+]=1.0 x 10–3 M
a) pH = −log [H3O+] = −log 3.2 x 10–4 = 3.49
b) pH = −log 1.0 x 10–3 = 3.00
[H3O+] increase, pH decrease >>> more acidic

Example 4 The [H+] = 0.76 M in nitric acid solution. What is the pH?
pH = −log [H3O+] = −log 0.76 = 0.12

copyright of chemistry 110 development team 11


Example 5 The pH = 4.82 , What is the [H+] of the rain water?
[H3O+] = 10-pH

[H3O+] = 10-4.82 In the calculator:


Press SHEFT + log button + (-ve )
[H3O+] = 1.5 × 10–5 M value (4.82) + equal button

Example 6 The pH = 3.33 , What is the [H+] of orange juice?


[H3O+] = 10-pH

[H3O+] = 10-3.33

[H3O+] = 4.7 × 10–4 M

copyright of chemistry 110 development team 12


Example 7 The [OH-]=2.9 x 10–4 M. What is the pH of the NaOH solution?
or
pOH = −log [OH-] Kw = [H3O+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
= −log 2.9 x 10–4 = 3.54 [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-14 / [OH-]
pH + pOH = 14 =1.0 x 10-14 / 2.9 x10-4
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 - 3.54 = 10.46 = 3.45 x 10-11
pH = -log [H3O+]
= -log 3.45 x 10-11 = 10.46
Example 8 The [OH-]=2.5 x 10–7 M. What is the pH of solution the blood?

pOH = −log [OH-] = −log 2.5 x 10–7 = 6.6

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOHcopyright
= 14of –chemistry
6.6 = 7.4
110 development team 13
Chemistry 110
Dr. Laila M Alharbi development
Dr. Nuha Wazzan
Dr. Eman Hegazy
Dr. Dalal A. Alezi
Dr. Nada Y. Tashkandi
team
Dr. Amal Basaleh Dr. Effat Bahaidarah
Dr. Zahra M Al-amshany Dr. Wafa A. Bawazeer
Dr. Nazeeha S Alkayal Dr. Wejdan Alsaggaf
Dr. Nahed Bawakid Dr. Basma Alhogbi
Dr. Taghreed M. Fagieh Dr. Heba Rashad Alnajjar
Dr. Fatmah Alshareef Dr. Soha M Albukhari
Dr. Qana Abed Alsulami Dr. Zoya Zaheer
Dr. Heba Abbas Kashmery Dr. Amna Nisar Khan copyright of chemistry 110 development team
14

You might also like