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Hearing Loss

This document defines and describes different types of hearing loss, including conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss is caused by issues in the external or middle ear, and can be congenital or acquired from factors like ear infections, trauma, or tumors. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs due to problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. It too can be congenital, such as from genetic syndromes, or acquired through infections, tumors, ototoxic drugs, noise exposure or aging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include surgery, hearing aids or cochlear implants, while prevention focuses on vaccination, genetic counseling and avoiding risks. Hearing is tested using methods like tuning forks and pure tone

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Jumanne Jay
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57 views25 pages

Hearing Loss

This document defines and describes different types of hearing loss, including conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss is caused by issues in the external or middle ear, and can be congenital or acquired from factors like ear infections, trauma, or tumors. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs due to problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. It too can be congenital, such as from genetic syndromes, or acquired through infections, tumors, ototoxic drugs, noise exposure or aging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include surgery, hearing aids or cochlear implants, while prevention focuses on vaccination, genetic counseling and avoiding risks. Hearing is tested using methods like tuning forks and pure tone

Uploaded by

Jumanne Jay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEARING LOSS

DR BUKANU
ENT SPECIALIST
DODOMA REFFERAL HOSPITAL
Definition

 A person is said to have hearing loss if


the Thresholds of hearing are elevated
based on pure tone audiometry.
 20 – 40dB mild hearing loss
 41 – 60dB moderate hearing loss
 61 – 90 severe hearing loss
 90dB – Profound
TYPES

 (1)Conductive hearing loss


 (2) Sensor neural healing loss
 (3) Mixed hearing loss
CONDUCTIVE HL

 This may be:


 1. Congenital
 2. Acquired
CHL ctd

 CONGENITAL CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS


 This is due to maldevelopment of the External or
middle ear
 (1) Congenital atresia of external auditory canal
 (2) Complete atresia of middle ear cavity
 (3) Congenital absence of one or more of the
ossicles or bony
 Fussion of the middle ear ossicles
 (4) Congenital stenosis of external auditory canal
CHL ctd

 (5) Treacher – Collins syndrome


 It is characterized by:-
 Congenital meatal atresia
 Mandibulo facial anomalies e.g. hypoplastic
mandibles
CHL ctd

 ACQUIRED CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS


 In the Acquired CHL the lesion may be in External
ear canal or middle ear.
 External Ear
 (1) Cerumen impaction
 (This is the commonest cause of conductive
hearing loss.
 (2) Middle ear effusion (M.E.E.)
 Secretory otitis media (Glue ear) in children
 Serous otitis media
CHL ctd

 (3) External and middle ear infections


 Otitis external
 Otitis media
 (4) Trauma to the Ear
 A slap, leads to tympanic membrane perforation
 Explosions also lead to tympanic membrane
perforation
 Automobile accidents involving the temporal bones
may lead to interruption of dislocation of the
ossicular chain (in longitudinal fractures of petrous
pyramid)
CHL ctd

 (5) Tumours
 Meatal osteomas, exostoses
 Seruminoma
 Glomus jugulare or tympanicum tumour
middle ear
CHL ctd

 6) Degenerative disorders
 (a) Otoscerosis:
 abnormal new bone formation occurs around the region of
the oval window.
 This leads to fixation of the stapes.
 (b) Tymppanoclerosis:
 In this condition abnormal collagen and calcium deposits
are laid down beneath the mucosa of the tympanic cavity.
 This will lead to stiffness of the ear drum and ossicular
chain
CHL ctd

 (c) Ostietis deformans (paget’s disease);


 In this condition normal bone is replaced by
poorly mineralized bone and fibrous tissue.
 (d) Ossteogenesis imperfecta
 Abnormal bones are formed due to defective
connective tissue formation.
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

1) PERCEPTIVE HEARING LOSS


2) NEURAL HEARING LOSS
 Since it is difficult to distinguish clinically between
the two types of hearing loss the term
sensorineural hearing loss is used.
 It may be congential or acquired:
TYPES

 (1) Congenital
 Genetic
 About 50% of cases of congenital sensorineural
hearing loss are of genetic origin.
 Mode of inheritance is either autosomal
Dominant, receissive or sex linked.
 Intermarrige among close relative increase the
chance of sensorineoural deafness.
Genetic CTD

 Pendreds disease
 Non endemic goiter
 Sensorineural deafness at birth
 Michels aplasis – Total or near total aplasia of
inner ear.
 Waadenburg syndrome
 Lateral displacement of media canthi
 Iris heterochromia
 Congenital deafness
Congenital Non Genetic Hearing loss

(i)Rubella syndrome (German measles)


 Congenital deafness
 Congenital cataracts
 Congenital heart disease
 Mental retardation
(ii)Kernicterous
 Rh incompactibility is a common cause
(iii).Endemic cretinism
ACQUIRED SENSORINEURAL

 Delayed genetic sensorineural hearing loss


 These conditions are of genetic origin but
the phenotype occurs later in life.
 I. Familial progressive sensorineural hearing
loss
 ii.Alports diseases
 Progressive renal insufficiency
 Progressive sensorineural hearing loss
 Cataract formation
Acquired

 Infections
 Mumps virus
 Parotitis and hearing loss usually unilateral
 Measles symmetrical and moderately severe SNHL
 Chickenpox
 Ramsay Hunt syndrome (Herpes zoster oticus)
Vesiculur rash and facial nerve palsy .
 Meningitis
Acquired cont;

Trauma: - Accidents
 Transverse fractures of the petrous bone will
cause inner ear damage
Acquired

 d) Tumours: -
 cerrebelo pontine angle tumors
 Acoustic neuroma makes up to 10% of all intra cranial tumours.
 This tumour causes sensorineural hearing loss.Other symptoms
vertigo and tinnitus.
 (e) Ototoxicity:
(i) Aminoglycosides which includes Streptomycin, Gentamicin
and kanamycin
 (ii) Diuretic-Furusemide and Ethacrinic acid
 (iii) Anti Malarials drugs
 (iv) Cytotoxic drugs

Acquired

 (f)Noise Induced Hearing Loss


 Prolonged exposure to high intensity sound
(above 80dB)
 (g) Ageing:
 Presbyacusis is a symmetrical progressive
sensorineural hearing loss which is seen in
elderly persons
RX of HL

Conductive hearing loss


 Patients with conductive can be treated according to
the cause.
 Removal of cerumen impaction
 Repair of the tympanic membrane if perforated
 Stapes replacement surgically – for case
otosclelerosis
 Surgical removal of lesions in the nasopharynx
affecting the drainage of eustachian tube such as
adenoids or medically by use of antibiotics or
 nasal decongestants.
RX ctd

 (b) Sensorineural hearing loss:


 This is not curable.
 However Hearing may be improved by the of
hearing Aids.
 Cochlea implant.
PREVENTION OF HL

a)Vaccination e.g. Rubella


b)Councelling -Genetical counseling
-To avoid ototoxic drugs/foods
Test for Hearing

 Tuning fork test:


 Rhine Test
 Webers test.

Pure tone audiometry.

Tympanometry
end
 thnx

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