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Cyaniding: M.Venkatesh Prabhu SPG 16 1431

Cyaniding is a surface hardening process where steel is dipped in a liquid sodium cyanide (NaCN) bath at 800-900°C. This adds carbon and nitrogen to the steel surface through diffusion. NaCN reacts with oxygen to form carbon and nitrogen, which diffuse into the steel forming a wear resistant carbonitride layer. The process takes 30-90 minutes and results in a hardness of around 850VHN after quenching and low temperature tempering. While cyaniding increases hardness, corrosion resistance and fatigue strength, it is also costly, uses toxic cyanide salts, and the parts treated are not suitable for applications with shock, fatigue or impact.

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655 views

Cyaniding: M.Venkatesh Prabhu SPG 16 1431

Cyaniding is a surface hardening process where steel is dipped in a liquid sodium cyanide (NaCN) bath at 800-900°C. This adds carbon and nitrogen to the steel surface through diffusion. NaCN reacts with oxygen to form carbon and nitrogen, which diffuse into the steel forming a wear resistant carbonitride layer. The process takes 30-90 minutes and results in a hardness of around 850VHN after quenching and low temperature tempering. While cyaniding increases hardness, corrosion resistance and fatigue strength, it is also costly, uses toxic cyanide salts, and the parts treated are not suitable for applications with shock, fatigue or impact.

Uploaded by

Sathu satish
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CYANIDING

M.VENKATESH PRABHU
SPG 16 1431
CYANIDING
• It is a surface hardening process in which both carbon
and nitrogen are added to the surface layers of steel by
dipping in a liquid bath at around 800°-900°C.
CYANIDING
• It is a process in which part to be heat treated are
immersed in a liquid bath at 800°-900°C .
• Sodium cyanide (NaCN) is the liquid bath used in this
process.
• NaCN is used with the concentration varying between
25% and 90%.
• Measured amount of air is passed through the molten
bath.
• NaCN reacts with oxygen in the air and gets oxidized.
CYANIDING (CONTD)
2NaCN + O2 → 2NaCNO
2NaCNO + O2→ NaCO3 + CO + 2N
2CO → O2 → CO2 + C

• As a result of the reaction carbon and nitrogen are


formed.
• They diffuse into the steel and forms a thin wear
resistant layer of carbonitride.
• This process requires 30 – 90 minutes.
CYANIDING (CONTD)
• Cyaniding process form a thin layer on the steel surface.
• To obtain case depth of 0.5 mm to 2 mm ,the process is
carried out at higher temperature at 950°C in a bath
containing 8% of NaCN , 82% Of BaCl2 and 10%
NaCl.
• This process takes about 2 – 6 hrs.
• For the case depth of 0.13 mm to 0.35 mm the bath is
maintained at 850°C with following concentration,
NaCN =30%
NaCl = 35%
Na2CO3 (soda ash) = 35%
CYANIDING (CONTD)
• If the temperature is high (950°C) for the given cyanide
level, the percentage of carbon diffusion on surface of
steel is higher than nitrogen.
Carbon diffusion = 0.8 – 1.2 %C.
Nitrogen diffusion = 0.2 – 0.3 %N.
• If the temperature is low (800°C) for the given cyanide
level, the percentage of carbon diffusion on surface of
steel is lesser than nitrogen.
• Due to nitrogen content ,cyanided part has an additional
wear resistance.
COOLING PROCESS
• After cyaniding process the steel is quenched in water or
oil.
• For thicker sections, mineral oil is used for quenching.
• The final operation is in low temperature tempering (100°
- 250°C).
• This low temperature tempering relieves the internal
stresses.
• As a result the steel has the hardness of 850VHN.
(Vickers Hardness Number)
• Due to high temperature coefficient in the bath and
uniform bath temperature the distortion of pieces is less.
ADVANTAGES
• Increases hardness.
• Increases corrosion resistance.
• Increases fatigue strength.
DISADVANTAGES
• This process is not suitable for hardening those parts which are
subjected to
 Shock.
 Fatigue.
 Impact.

• Its costly.
• Cyanide salts are more toxic.
• Disposal of cyanide waste is a problem.
• It is difficult to maintain constant temperature.
THANK YOU

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