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Physics and Engineering of Lithotripters': Presentation ON

This presentation summarizes lithotripsy, a medical procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney or other organs. It discusses the history and purpose of lithotripsy, describes the two main techniques of extracorporeal and endoscopic lithotripsy, and outlines the basic components of lithotripsy machines including shockwave generators, focusing systems, and imaging units. The presentation also reviews the advantages of lithotripsy being non-invasive with short recovery times compared to surgery, and the potential disadvantages of some discomfort and passing stone fragments in urine after the procedure.

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Bikram Majhi
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55 views

Physics and Engineering of Lithotripters': Presentation ON

This presentation summarizes lithotripsy, a medical procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney or other organs. It discusses the history and purpose of lithotripsy, describes the two main techniques of extracorporeal and endoscopic lithotripsy, and outlines the basic components of lithotripsy machines including shockwave generators, focusing systems, and imaging units. The presentation also reviews the advantages of lithotripsy being non-invasive with short recovery times compared to surgery, and the potential disadvantages of some discomfort and passing stone fragments in urine after the procedure.

Uploaded by

Bikram Majhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

PRESENTATION

ON
‘PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
OF LITHOTRIPTERS’
(Biomedical Instrumentation-II)

P Presented by BIKRAM
MAJHI
ROLL NO.- BT/BME/DIP-18/06
B.TECH , 5TH SEMESTER ,BME
NORTH EASTREN HILL UNIVERSITY

01-10
Content
 Introduction

 History and Purpose Of Lithotripsy

 Techniques of lithotripters

 Block diagram of extracorpeal lithotripsy

 Basic component of lithotripters machine

 Endoscopic lithotripsy

 Advantages and disadvantages of SWL

P-01
Introduction

 Lithotripters is a instrument that is produce a signature waveform, an shock


wave. This shock wave, is responsible for breaking stones.

 In Greek word litho means STONE, trip means break.

 Using this medical procedure to treat certain types of kidney stones and
stones in the other organs such as gallblader or liver) this procedure called
Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).

 Lithotripsy is the uses of high energy shock waves to break up stones in the
kidney.

P-02
Why we are using lithotripters?
 In kidney stone-like substance Of the are-
• salts of calcium.
• calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate
• magnesium ammonium phosphate
• uric acid and cysteine.

 The solubility of stones depends very much on the type of stone. Calcium oxalate stones are
impossible to dissolve in situ. Similarly, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are difficult to
Dissolve.

 It is used for removing kidney stones without Surgery that causes.


. pain
. bleeding
. damage to kidney due to blockage.
. urinary tract infections

 French surgeon and urologist jean civiale invented a surgical instrument in 1832. This instrument developed
,and used on treatment of kidney stones in the year 1980 that’s known as Lithotripters.

P-03
TECHNIQUES of lithotripters-

Mainly it’s two types-


1) Extracorpeal shockwave lithotripsy

2)Intracorpeal (endoscopic lithotripsy)

. laser lithotripsy

. Ultrasonic lithotripsy

P-04
EXTRACORPEAL LITHOTRIPSY
Extracorpeal lithotripsy is the non-invasive surgical stone treatment.

 It using 100kHz-1.5MHz high frequency shock wave like sound waves from an external
sources to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces.

 And allow them pass through the urinary tract.

 But It is not performed in pregnant, bleeding disorder , urinary infection.

P-05
Basic component of lithotripters machine
1)A shockwave generator:- Shock wave mainly generated by three way
a) Electrohydraulic- that is the shock wave is produced via high voltage spark gap
technology
b) Piezo-electric-Here using piezo-electric elements including high pressure create
ultrasonic vibrations that’s the production of shock wave.
c) Electromagnetic-Here applied high voltage to an electromagnetic coil and produce shock
wave.
2) A focusing system:- Shock-waves in lithotripsy need to be strongly focused in order to keep
the area of interaction with tissue pre-determined region of interest . These excitation sources are
coupled with the following focusing methods:
(a) Ellipsoidal reflector;
(b) Focusing with an acoustic lens;
(c) Self-focusing source.

3) A coupling system:- A medium is used(layer of an oily gel) for coupling shock-waves to


the human body to minimize the presence of air to provide undisturbed propagation.

4) An imaging/localization units:- X-ray fluoroscopy as well as ultrasound B-scan are used


as sole imaging procedures in lithotripsy

P-07
Block diagram

P-06
P-08
ENDOSCOPIC LITHOTRIPSY
• Endoscopic lithotripsy mainly use to the visualization of upper urinary tract
calculi and it’s invasive process.
• And the stimultaneous application of energy to fragment the stones.
• Ureteroscope is the most common use for visualization.
• Here mainly use laser and ultrasound.

 LASER LITHOTRIPSY
The pulsed dye laser, which uses 504nm of light delivered through optical quartz
fibers. And also use Holmium laser light(2100nm in infrared)
 The laser produced plasma between the tip of the fiber and the calculus ,
fragmenting the stone with a photo acoustic effect.

 ULTRASONIC LITHOTRIPSY
Ultrasonic lithotripsy was used intially.
• This modality requires a rigid endoscope and is commonly used via
percutaneous real approch.

P-09
ADVANTAGES of swl
It is non invasive treatment.

 No length hospital stays.

 NO Surgery

 No incisions

 No length recovery periods.

DISADVANTAGES
Medicine to prevent infections.

 Some discomfort.

 Passing sand like particles in the urine for a few weeks after the lithotripsy.

P-10
THANK YOU

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