Flatbed Input Devices

By 17BCE080(KEYUR PATEL)

17BCE086(PURVIL PATEL)
WHAT IS FLATBED INPUT DEVICE?

– A flatbed input device is an optical scanner which makes use of a flat surface
for scanning documents.
– An input device that scans (reads) the image as a series of dots and introduces
the information into the computer’s memory without moving the document is
called Scanner.
– Flatbed scanners are effective scanners for delicate materials such as vintage
photographs, papers and other documents which are fragile.
 WHAT IS INSIDE A FLATBED DEVICE?
– Colored filter
It has 3 different colors: RED, GREEN and BLUE.

– Rotating lamps
It operates by using 3 rotating lamps which has a different
colored filter.
– Software for scanner
Software for scanner translates the API procedure calls into
primitive commands:
• Some common scanner software: -
SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy)
TWAIN
ISIS (Image and Scanner Interface Specification)

– OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

It lets you easily convert images, such as digital photographs,
scanned documents, printed books, etc. into text.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
– A flatbed scanner ‘see’ images and converts them into electronic codes, which
can be understood to computer.
– Flatbed scanners connect to your computer via a Universal Serial Bus
connection.
– The scanning unit moves across the image to be scanned usually a line at a
time.

– It reads the image as a series of dots and then generates the digitized image.
– Digitized image is sent to computer and stored as a file.
Advantages of Flatbed Scanner
– Flatbed scanners are better as they can scan larger images and
are more accurate than handheld scanners.
– Some flatbed scanners are even capable of interfacing with
computer networks so multiple computers and users can access
the devices.
– The use of it is very easy especially for those who are new to it.
The usage is very simple, you just need to place your document
in the machine and close the top of it.
– Flatbed scanners are effective scanners for delicate materials
such as vintage photographs, papers and other documents which
are fragile.
Properties of Flatbed Scanner
– Scanning Sizes
 It is different in different level flatbed scanners
A) Entry level flatbed scanner
8.5 – 11.7 inch size of documents we can scan,300 – 600 dpi,8 bit
depth
B) Mid level flatbed scanner
12 – 14 inch size of documents we can scan,600 – 1200 dpi,10 bit
depth
C) High end flatbed scanner
14 – 24 inch size of documents we can scan, <1200 dpi, 16 bit depth
Devices

– CCD Scanner
– CIS Scanner
– Hand Scanner
– Smart Phone Scanner Apps
CCD SCANNER

– CCD stands for Charged Coupled Device.

– In essence, this is the same type of imaging sensor found
inside a digital camera.
– CCD uses an actual lens to reduce the full image onto the
imaging sensor.
– This method is great for capturing very high resolution details
along with widened color space.
Components of CCD Scanner
– Charge-coupled device (CCD) array
– Scan head
– Stepper motor
– Lens
– Power supply
– Control circuitry
– Interface ports
– Mirrors
– Glass plate
– Lamp
– Filters
– Stabilizer bar
– Belt
– Cover
– A  CCD flatbed scanner is usually composed of a glass pane (or
platen), under which there is a bright light which illuminates the
pane, and a moving optical array in CCD scanning.
– CCD-type scanners typically contain three rows (arrays) of
sensors with red, green, and blue filters. the light source,
normally a cold cathode light, is reflected by the orginal, diverted
by mirrors and gathered by a lens on to the sensor.
– This consists of light capturing CCD elements. In some cases the
CCD elements may also have a micro-lens in front of every
photodiode to gather light more effectiely.
Advantages of CCD Scanners
• High signal/noise ratio due to florescent lamp light source
• Relatively insensitive to focus depth due to cameras with apochromatic lenses

Disadvantages of CCD Scanners

• Higher equipment cost
• More complex and fragile technology
• Larger form factor than CIS scanners
• Typically require digital stitching of multiple image fields
• Lower optical resolutions
• Lens distortion can sometimes be a factor
CIS SCANNER

– Contact Imaging Sensor is the other type of scanning technology.

– Instead of using a standard lens to reduce the original image onto the sensor, CIS technology incorporates
many fiber optic lenses to transfer the original image information to an array of sensors.
– CIS technology is less expensive than the traditional CCD models i.e there are no cameras to calibrate and the
sensors are controlled by software, there is much less maintenance with a CIS scanner. But, because of the
poor depth of field of the optics, fold line and wrinkles will image with CIS.
– Also, there is a reduction of color space information with CIS. Unless you want to capture mainly primary
colors, CIS could leave you wanting a little more.
– But, keep in mind, although the physical CIS technology has some limitations, many manufacturers have
overcome this by deploying sophisticated software that compensates for the CIS shortcomings. A great
example of this is the Canon Color Image Logic employed by all Canon/Océ wide format systems.
 Working of CIS Scanner
• CISscanning consists of a moving set of red, green and blue LEDs strobed for illumination
and a connected monochromatic photodiodearray under a rod lens array for light collection.
•Images to be scanned are placed face down on the glass, an opaque cover is lowered over it
to exclude ambient light, and the sensor array and light source move across the pane, reading
the entire area.
•An image is therefore visible to the detector only because of the light it reflects. Transparent
images do not work in this way, and require special accessories that illuminate them from the
upper side.
•Many scanners offer this as an option.
Advantages of CIS Scanners
•Less Cost
•High reliability
•More compact
•No stitching required
•Higher optical resolution
•No lens distortion

Disadvantages of CIS Scanners

•Sensitive to focus depth
•Lower signal/noise ratio due to LED light source
 Hand Scanner
•Hand scanners come in two forms: document and 3D scanners.
•Hand held document scanners are manual devices that are dragged across the surface of the
image to be scanned.
•Scanning documents in this manner requires a steady hand, as an uneven scanning rate
would produce distorted images - a little light on the scanner would indicate if the motion was
too fast.
•They typically have a "start" button, which is held by the user for the duration of the scan;
some switches to set the optical resolution;
and a roller, which generates a clock pulse for
synchronization with the computer.
•Most hand scanners were monochrome, and produced light from an array of green LEDs to
illuminate the image. A typical hand scanner also had a small window through which the
document being scanned could be viewed. They were popular during the early 1990s and
usually had a proprietary interface module specific to a particular type of computer, usually
an Atari ST or Commodore Amiga.

•While popularity for document scanning has waned, use of hand held 3D scanners remains
popular for many applications, including industrial design, reverse engineering, inspection &
analysis, digital manufacturing and medical applications. To compensate for the uneven
motion of the human hand, most 3D scanning systems rely on the placement of reference
markers – typically adhesive reflective tabs that the scanner uses to align elements and mark
positions in space
SMARTPHONE SCANNER APPS
•Cameras in smartphones have reached a resolution and quality that reasonable quality scans
can be achieved by taking a photo with the phone and using a scanning app for post-
processing (such as whitening the background of a page, correcting perspective distortion so
that a document is output as a correct rectangle, conversion to black-and-white, etc.)

•Most smartphone platforms now have a range of scanner apps available. These apps can
typically scan multiple page documents through the use of multiple camera exposures, and
output them to a PDF document or as separate JPEG images. Some smartphone scanning apps
can also save documents directly to online storage locations, such as Dropbox and Evernote,
send via email or fax documents via email-to-fax gateways.
 Smartphone scanner apps can be broadly divided into three
categories:

1) Document scanning apps (These are primarily designed to handle documents and output
PDF files - although some can also output JPEG)

2) Photo scanning apps (These output JPEG files, and have editing functions useful for photo
rather than document editing.)

3) QR scanning apps (These can use scanned QR images to automatically search the internet
for related information.)
Thank You