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This document discusses various ground/soil improvement techniques including stabilization, soil replacement, vacuum consolidation, preloading, heating, ground freezing, nailing, grouting, and soil reinforcement. It explains that these techniques are used to increase soil bearing capacity and strength while reducing settlement for construction projects. Factors like soil type, geology, climate, and environmental impacts must be considered when selecting a ground improvement technique.

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62 views

Presentation For Geo

This document discusses various ground/soil improvement techniques including stabilization, soil replacement, vacuum consolidation, preloading, heating, ground freezing, nailing, grouting, and soil reinforcement. It explains that these techniques are used to increase soil bearing capacity and strength while reducing settlement for construction projects. Factors like soil type, geology, climate, and environmental impacts must be considered when selecting a ground improvement technique.

Uploaded by

samea .
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ground/Soil Improvement

Techniques
Group members

M. Hamza F2018132018

Usama Khalil F2018132042


Contents

 Introduction
 Why do we need ground improvement?
 Principles of ground improvement
 Understanding ground improvement
 Factors
 Procedure before doing ground improvement
 Techniques of ground improvement
 Applications
 conclusion
Introduction

 Rapid development of infrastructures with scarcity of useful land forced engineers


to improve the properties of soil to bear the load transferred by the infrastructures

 The purpose of these techniques to increase bearing capacity and strength of soil
and to reduce the settlement to a considerable extent.

 The main goal of most soil improvement techniques used for reducing liquefaction
hazards is to avoid large increase in pore water pressure during earthquake shacking

 This can be achieved by densification of the soil and improvement of its drainage
capacity.

 There are different methods like Physically, Mechanically and chemically


modifications.
Why Ground
improvement?

 Increases shear strength

 Reduces permeability, and

 Reduces compressibility
Principles of Ground
Improvement

 Solve the problem intact

 Modify the problem

 Divide the problem in parts and solve

 Go beyond the problem

 Bye pass the problem


Understanding Ground
Improvement

 Ground improvement includes two parts.

 First Understand the ground

 Then find out the most engineered solution for improvement


Understanding the ground

 Common geotechnical people understand it as a problem of soil or


sometimes designating as a problematic soil.

 It’s the combination of situation which makes soil to behaveproblematic


for human purpose.

 Don’t just consider the type of soil.

 many factors plays governing role to create problematic ground which


needs to be improved.
Factors to be considered for
ground improvement

 Type of structure to be constructed on improved soil.


 Vicinity to costal area
 Earthquake prone zone
 Chances of flash flood due to could bursting or dam burst.
 Geology beneath the improved site and also the geology of area.
 Avg. Seasonal and yearly temperature
 Chances of freeze thaw actions.
 Avg. rainfall and full sunny days.
Environmental Factors to
be considered

 Not to adopt too much plastic / artificial material to ground.

 Should not disturb local ecology.

 Should not disturb natural ground water level prevailing.

 In future should not create any pollution.

 No convertible forms of pollutants.

 Level of contamination must be reduced after employment of Ground


Improvement (G.I.) technique.
Safety related to
improvement techniques

 In future it should not become poisonous.

 It should be durable to carryout the purpose of it.

 It should not change any chemical composition with time.

 With increase in depth ground temperature also increase,


under such circumstances also it should be workable
Before Doing ground
Improvement Procedure

 Carryout reconnaissance survey.

 Carryout detailed site investigation.

 Collect speculative development of the region

 Analyze past of the geology of the region and probable future


change due to any irrigation related project
Structures effected due to
poor ground conditions

Leaning Temple in Orissa India

Building in Shanghai China


Sink holes
Overturned
complex in Nigata
1964
Bhuj Earthquake
2001
Ground
Improvement
techniques
What are ground improvement techniques?

Rapid urban and industrial growth demands more land for


further development, to meet this demand land reclamation
and utilization of unsuitable and environmentally affected
lands have been taken up and converted to useful ones by
adopting one or more of these techniques.
Soil replacement
Vaccum consolidation
Heating
Pre loading
Ground freezing
Stabalization
Nailing
Grouting
Soil reinforcement
Stabalization

A segmental, precast facing


mechanically stabilized earth wall
employs
Metallic (strip or bar mat) or
geosynthetic (geogrid or geotextile)
reinforcement
 Connected to a precast concrete or
prefabricated metal facing panel to
create a reinforced soil mass.
Soil replacement

Replacement involves
removing liquefiable material
from the site and replacing it
with a non-liquefiable
material. Well compacted
and well graded gravel
or soil mixed with cement or
other additives is commonly
used as the replacement
material.
Vibro comcaption
Combined action of vibration and water saturation by jetting rearranges
loose sand grains into a more compact and densified state to create stable
foundation.
Vaccum consolidation

The soil site is covered with an


airtight membrane and vacuum is
created underneath it by using
dual venture and vacuum pump
which improves saturated soft
soils.
Pre loading

Process of placing additional


vertical stress on a compressible soil
to remove pore water over time
which reduces the total volume
causing settlement.
Heating

Heating or vitrifaction breaks the soil particle down


to form a crystalline or glass product.
It uses electrical current to heat the soil and modify
the physical characteristics of the soil.
 Ranges between 300 and 1000 degree Celsius.
Ground freezing

Use of refrigeration to convert in side


pore water to ice.
The ice acts as a cement or glue,
bonding together adjacent particles of
soil increase their combined strength
and make them impervious.
Nailing

Reinforcing the ground by passive


inclusions,closely spaced to create
in-situ soil and restrain its
displacements.
 Resisting tensile forces generated
in the inclusions are transferred
into the ground through the
friction mobilized at the
interfaces.
Grouting

 Grouting is the injection of pumpable materials into a soil or rock


formation .
 The various injection grouting techniques used by grouting contractors
for ground improvement are:
I. Permeation
II. Compaction Grouting
III. Claquage
IV. Jet Grouting
JET GROUTING:
Ultra high-pressure fluids or binders are injected into the soils at high
velocities which break up the soil structure completely and mix the soil
particles in-situ to create a homogeneous mass, which in turn solidifies.
Soil reinforcement

 Micro-piles are small diameter piles (up to 300 mm), with compressive
loads of over 5000 KN.
 The drilling equipment and methods allows micro – piles to be drilled
virtually through every ground conditions, natural and artificial, with
minimal vibration, disturbances and noise, at any angle below
horizontal.
 The equipment can be further adapted to operate in locations with low
headroom and severely restricted access
CONCLUSION:

• Application of Ground Improvement is not only cheaper but


reduce the construction time significantly.
• Conscious effort to prepare and follow up the techniques will
lead to successful completion of the project , we are now
technically sound at hand.
• The ground improvement technique also plays a vital role in the
development of our mother land.

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