Submitted by:

Gianne Denise C. Dueñas

IV-Vanadium
 Trigonometry is the study and solution of
Triangles. Solving a triangle means finding
the value of each of its sides and angles. The
following terminology and tactics will be
important in the solving of triangles.

Pythagorean Theorem (a2+b2=c2). Only for right angle triangles

Sine (sin), Cosecant (csc or sin-1)

Cosine (cos), Secant (sec or cos-1)
Tangent (tan), Cotangent (cot or tan-1)
Right/Oblique triangle
 A trigonometric function is a ratio of certain parts of a triangle. The
names of these ratios are: The sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant,
cotangent.
Let us look at this triangle…

Given the assigned letters to the sides and

B angles, we can determine the following
trigonometric functions.
c
The Cosecant is the inversion of the
a sine, the secant is the inversion of
the cosine, the cotangent is the
ө A inversion of the tangent.
C b
With this, we can find the sine of the
Side Opposite a value of angle A by dividing side a
Sinθ= Hypothenuse = c by side c. In order to find the angle
Side Adjacent b itself, we must take the sine of the
Cos θ= Hypothenuse = c angle and invert it (in other words,
Side Opposite a find the cosecant of the sine of the
Tan θ= Side Adjacent = angle).
b
Try finding the angles of the following triangle from the
side lengths using the trigonometric ratios from the
previous slide.

B
The first step is to use the trigonometric
α 10 functions on angle A.
6 Sin θ =6/10
Sin θ =0.6
β θ A Csc0.6~36.9
C 8 Angle A~36.9
Because all angles add up to 180,
B B=90-11.537=53.1

The measurements have changed. Find side BA and side AC

α Sin34=2/BA The Pythagorean theorem
2 0.559=2/BA
when used in this triangle states
that…
BC2+AC2=AB2
β 34º A
0.559BA=2
BA=2/0.559
AC2=AB2-BC2

C BA~3.578
AC2=12.802-4=8.802
AC=8.8020.5~3
 When solving oblique triangles, simply using
trigonometric functions is not enough. You need…

The Law of Sines

a b c B
 
sin A sin B sin C c
a
The Law of Cosines A
a2=b2+c2-2bc cosA C b
It is useful to memorize these
b =a +c -2ac cosB
2 2 2
laws. They can be used to
c2=a2+b2-2ab cosC solve any triangle if enough
measurements are given.
When solving a triangle, you must remember to choose
the correct law to solve it with.
Whenever possible, the law of sines should be used.
Remember that at least one angle measurement must be
given in order to use the law of sines.
The law of cosines in much more difficult and time
consuming method than the law of sines and is harder to
memorize. This law, however, is the only way to solve a
triangle in which all sides but no angles are given.
Only triangles with all sides, an angle and two sides, or a
side and two angles given can be solved.
 Solve this triangle

c=6

a=4
28º
A
C b
Because this triangle has an angle given, we can use the law of sines to solve it.
a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C and subsitute: 4/sin28º = b/sin B = 6/C. Because we know nothing about
b/sin B, lets start with 4/sin28º and use it to solve 6/sin C.
Cross-multiply those ratios: 4*sin C = 6*sin 28, divide 4: sin C = (6*sin28)/4.
6*sin28=2.817. Divide that by four: 0.704. This means that sin C=0.704. Find the Csc of 0.704 º.
Csc0.704º =44.749. Angle C is about 44.749º. Angle B is about 180-44.749-28=17.251.
The last side is b. a/sinA = b/sinB, 4/sin28º = b/sin17.251º, 4*sin17.251=sin28*b,
(4*sin17.251)/sin28=b. b~2.53.
 Solve this triangle:
Hint: use the law of cosines
B
c=5.2
a=2.4

A b=3.5 C
Start with the law of cosines because there are no angles given.
a2=b2+c2-2bc cosA. Substitute values. 2.42=3.52+5.22-2(3.5)(5.2) cosA,
5.76-12.25-27.04=-2(3.5)(5.2) cos A, 33.53=36.4cosA, 33.53/36.4=cos A, 0.921=cos A, A=67.07.
Now for B.
b2=a2+c2-2ac cosB, (3.5)2=(2.4)2+(5.2)2-2(2.4)(5.2) cosB, 12.25=5.76+27.04-24.96 cos B.
12.25=5.76+27.04-24.96 cos B, 12.25-5.76-27.04=-24.96 cos B. 20.54/24.96=cos B. 0.823=cos B.
B=34.61.
C=180-34.61-67.07=78.32.
Trigonometric identities are ratios
and relationships between certain
trigonometric functions.

In the following few slides, you

will learn about different
trigonometric identities that take
place in each trigonometric
function.
What is the sine of 60º? 0.866. What is the cosine of 30º?
0.866. If you look at the name of cosine, you can actually
see that it is the cofunction of the sine (co-sine). The
cotangent is the cofunction of the tangent (co-tangent), and
the cosecant is the cofunction of the secant (co-secant).
Sine60º=Cosine30º
Secant60º=Cosecant30º
tangent30º=cotangent60º
The following trigonometric identities are useful to remember.

Sin θ=1/csc θ
(sin θ)2 + (cos θ)2=1
Cos θ=1/sec θ
1+(tan θ)2=(sec θ)2
Tan θ=1/cot θ
1+(cot θ)2=(csc θ)2
Csc θ=1/sin θ
Sec θ=1/cos θ
Tan θ=1/cot θ
Degrees and pi radians are two methods of
showing trigonometric info. To convert
between them, use the following equation.

2π radians = 360 degrees

1π radians= 180 degrees
Convert 500 degrees into radians.
2π radians = 360 degrees, 1 degree = 1π radians/180,
500 degrees = π radians/180 * 500
500 degrees = 25π radians/9
 Write out the each of the trigonometric functions (sin, cos, and tan) of the
following degrees to the hundredth place.
(In degrees mode). Note: you do not have to do all of them 

1. 45º 7. 90º 13. 47º 19. 75º

2. 38º 8. 152º 14. 442º 20. 34º

3. 22º 9. 112º 15. 123º 21. 53º

4. 18º 10. 58º 16. 53º 22. 92º

5. 95º 11. 345º 17. 41º 23. 153º

6. 63º 12. 221º 18. 22º 24. 1000º

 Solve the following right triangles with the dimensions given

B
B
c 52 º c
5 a
A A
C 22 C 13
B B
20 c
9

A 8º A
C 18 C 12
 Solve the following oblique triangles with the dimensions given

B B
22 25 31 º
12 28 º a
A 14 C A b C

B B
c c
168 º 5 35 º 15
A 8 C A 24 C
 Find each sine, cosecant, secant, and cotangent using different
trigonometric identities to the hundredth place
(don’t just use a few identities, try all of them.).

1. 45º 7. 90º 13. 47º 19. 75º

2. 38º 8. 152º 14. 442º 20. 34º

3. 22º 9. 112º 15. 123º 21. 53º

4. 18º 10. 58º 16. 53º 22. 92º

5. 95º 11. 345º 17. 41º 23. 153º

6. 63º 12. 221º 18. 22º 24. 1000º

 Convert to radians

34º 15º 156º 272º 994º

52º 36º 174º 532º 732º

35º 37º 376º 631º 897º

46º 94º 324º 856º 1768º

74º 53º 163º 428º 2000º

 Convert to degrees

3.2π rad 6.7π rad 3.14π rad 72.45π rad 52.652π rad

3.1π rad 7.9 rad 6.48π rad 93.16π rad 435.96π rad

1.3π rad 5.4π rad 8.23π rad 25.73π rad 14.995π rad

7.4π rad 9.6π rad 5.25π rad 79.23π rad 745.153π rad