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Voltage Regulation of Alternators

The document discusses voltage regulation in alternators. Voltage regulation is defined as the percentage change between the no-load voltage (Vnl) and full-load voltage (Vfl). Generators operating at lagging power factors have high positive regulation, while those at unity power factor have low positive regulation and those at leading power factors can have negative regulation. Voltage is regulated by varying the field current and flux in the machine to control the internally generated voltage and compensate for load changes. Phasor diagrams are used to represent the voltage drops that occur in a generator under different load conditions.

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John Manuel Bautista
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149 views

Voltage Regulation of Alternators

The document discusses voltage regulation in alternators. Voltage regulation is defined as the percentage change between the no-load voltage (Vnl) and full-load voltage (Vfl). Generators operating at lagging power factors have high positive regulation, while those at unity power factor have low positive regulation and those at leading power factors can have negative regulation. Voltage is regulated by varying the field current and flux in the machine to control the internally generated voltage and compensate for load changes. Phasor diagrams are used to represent the voltage drops that occur in a generator under different load conditions.

Uploaded by

John Manuel Bautista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VOLTAGE REGULATION OF

ALTERNATORS
 A conventional way to compare the voltage
behavior of two generators is by their voltage
regulation. The voltage regulation of a generator
is defined by the equation,
𝑽𝑹 = [(𝑽𝒏𝒍 − 𝑽𝒇𝒍)/𝑽𝒇𝒍 ]𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%

Where 𝑽𝒏𝒍 is the no load voltage and 𝑽𝒇𝒍 is the full


load voltage of the generator.
 A generator operating at a lagging power factor
has a large positive voltage regulation.

 A generator operating at a unity power factor has


a small positive voltage regulation.

 A generator operating at leading power factor


often has a negative voltage regulation
 It is desired to keep the voltage supplied to a load
constant, even though the load varies. The
obvious approach is to vary the magnitude of Ea
to compromise for the change in load.
 where |Ea| is the magnitude of a generated
voltage per phase
 Since the frequency should not be changed in a
normal system; Ea must be controlled by varying
the flux in the machine.
The idea to regulate the terminal voltages can be
summarized as:

 By changing the field resistance RF , field


current can be changed IF .
 Change in field current IF will change the
flux ϕ in the machine.
 Change in flux ϕ will change the internal
generated voltages Ea.
PHASOR DIAGRAM IN CASE
OF NORMAL LOAD
 Phasor Diagram of alternator is the
graphical representation of the voltage drops
occur in the generator.

 It shows the relation of Internally


generated voltage Ea, terminal voltage Vϕ and
the voltage drops.
Phasor diagram of an alternator at
unity power factor
Phasor diagram of alternator at
lagging power factor
Phasor diagram of alternator at
leading power factor

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