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Thallophytes Proper Notes

Thallophytes are a polyphyletic group of relatively simple, non-mobile organisms that include lichens, algae, bacteria, and myxomycetes. They range from unicellular organisms like bacteria and algae to multicellular fungi that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Thallophytes play important roles in industries like food production and pharmaceuticals, providing antibiotics, enzymes, and other useful compounds.

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501 views

Thallophytes Proper Notes

Thallophytes are a polyphyletic group of relatively simple, non-mobile organisms that include lichens, algae, bacteria, and myxomycetes. They range from unicellular organisms like bacteria and algae to multicellular fungi that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Thallophytes play important roles in industries like food production and pharmaceuticals, providing antibiotics, enzymes, and other useful compounds.

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Starnley Tembo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thallophytes

INTRODUCTION

• Thallophytes are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile orgnisms.

• Relatively simple plants and include lichens, algae and bacteria.

• Thallophyta have been divided into two subdivisions;

a) myxothallophyta (myxomycetes)

b) euthallophyta (bacteria, fungi, linchens, algae)


BACTERIA AND ALGAE BACTERIOPHYTA

• Unicellular organisms, size 0.75 to 8µm

• They produce by binary fission

• Contain no chlorophyll except in one group

• Bacteria exist in a number of shapes


• Rod shaped or bacillary forms e.g. Clostridium welchii,
Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis

• Spherical or coccal forms, which occur singularly but usually


found in characteristic aggregates i.e. in chain( streptococci)
in groups of two

• (diplococci),four (tetracocci)
• Twisted or spirillar forms which if having a single twist
belong to the genus Vibrio, while those with more than one
twist belong to the genus Spirillum
• Branched forms which sometimes occur in the genus
Mycobacterium
FUNGI
• Saprophytic members of thallophyta.

• Entirely devoid of chlorophyll.

• Plant body is made up of filaments or Hyphae together which


constitutes the mycelium.

• The cell wall in many actinomycetes and Phycomycetes consists mainly


of cellulose.

• In other fungi the cellulose is replaced by another nitrogenous substance


chitin.

• Sexual and asexual reproduction occur.


• Oospores are produced endogenously.

• Basidiosospores are produced exogenously.

• A member of this group causes wart disease in potatoes.


Classification
class order families
Phycomycetes Mucorales Mucoraceae
Ascomytes Protoascales Saccharomycetaceae
Plectascales Asperillaceae
Sphaerials Hypocreaceae
clavicipitales Clavicipitaceae
Basidiomycetes Polyporinales Polyporaceae
Agaricales Tricholometaceae
Amanitaceae
Agaricaceae
phallinales Phallinaceae
Fungi Imperfecti Moniliales dematiaceae
FUNGAL SPICIES
• Amanita
• Amilaria
• Aspergillus
• Boletus
• Cyathus
• Deadly fungi
• Entoloma
• Fusarium
PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
• Saccharification of starchy materials.
• For producing D-lactic acid from glucose.
• Important in microbial conversion of steroids.
• Produces torula yeast, a rich sources of proteins and vitamins.
• Source of some antibiotics such as penicillin and rifamycins et al.
• Source of hallucinogenic substances such as psilosin.
• Fungi spores are a common source of allergens.
Gymnosperms vs
Angiosperms
plant

Angiosperms Gymnosperms

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Cycads Gingko

Conifers
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• Cotyledon- embryonic leaf.
Mono- one; di- two

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General characteristics
• Gymno= naked Sperm = seed • Angiosperm- covered seed
• Needlelike leaves • Have flowers
• Produce cones (male and
• 260 000 species which is 88% of
female)
the plant kingdom
• Woody
• Adapted for dispersal
• Have a vascular system
• Leaves are broad with different
• Ever green
types of venation
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Advantages of having seed in both gymno- and
angio-

• Pollen is spread by animals/ wind

• Nutrients available for embryo

• Protection

• Seed dispersal by animals, water or wind

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Some families under the gymnosperms
• Cycadaceae
• Gingkoaceae
• Pinaceae
• Cupressacea
• Podocapaceae

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Medicinal uses

• Family- cupressaceae

Juniperus communie L.

Diuretic
• Juniperas excelsa M.B.
Carminative
Asthma
Rheumatic pain and
Stomach cramps
swelling
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Family Pinaceae

Anies pindrow Royle

- Cough

- pulmonary conditions

- Fever in peadiatrics
during dentation

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Ephedraceae family

Ephedra gerardiana

- Leaves ; bronchitis,
asthma

- Decoctions ; syphyllis

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• Gingko biloba
• Used as a CNS stimulant
• Rich in terpens –gingkolides A and B
• Also have platelet aggregation properties
• Inflammatory disorders including asthma

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